Mutagenic activity Genotoxicity

Genotoxicity. Hexachloroethane did not exhibit mutagenic activity in vitro in prokaryotic cells (Haworth et al. 1983 Nakamura et al. 1987 Roldan-Arjona et al. 1991 Simmon and Kauhanen 1978 Weeks et al. 

Genotoxicity. 1,2-Dibromoethane has been tested for mutagenic activity in a battery of in vitro and in vivo assay systems. It is mutagenic in bacteria, fungi, fruit flies, and cultured mammalian cells (Ames andYanofasky 1971 Barber 1981 Brimeret al. 1982 Crespi etal. 1985 Moriya etal. 1983 ... 

Results from a number of genotoxic assays show that MIBK exhibits very little, if any, mutagenic activity. Existing studies also demonstrate that MIBK is not teratogenic. In two-generation reproductive studies, rats exposed at up to 2 000 ppm 6 hours/day had some central nervous system effects and... 

Activation of allyl chloride to genotoxic substances appears to involve aldehydes, since inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase by cyanamide increases the mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium TAIOO on the other hand neither SKF525 nor 1,1,1-tri-chloropropene-2,3-oxide affect the mutagenicity, so that metabolic activation via an epoxide is unlikely (Neudecker Henschler, 1986). 

As would be expected from the results of studies on model systems, it has been found that foods with a high starch or sugar content may form genotoxic substances, but at a much lower level than meats or fish. Spingarn et al (65) showed that several common foods, in addition to beef, contained mutagens active for TA98 in the presence of S9 (Table V) Pariza et al. (66) found mutagenic activity in basic fractions of chicken broth, beef broth, rice cereal, bread crust, crackers, corn flakes, toast and cookies. 

Vanillin was found to directly suppress the in vitro antisheep RBC antibody response at a noncytotoxic dose (200 pg per culture). Vanillin induced chromosomal damage in human cells treated in culture, but showed no genotoxic activity in mice treated orally or in hamster cells in culture. There was also no evidence of mutagenic activity in bacterial (including Ames test) or in yeast. 

Zhao HW, YinXJ, Frazer D, et al. Effects of paving asphalt fume exposure on genotoxic and mutagenic activities in the rat lung. Mutat Res 2004 557(2) 137-49. 

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