Alcoholism genetics

I. Antialcoholism Activity in Genetically Alcoholic Rats Initial Effects... 

Adult Wistar rats of both sexes having the UChB strain were used and considered to be genetically alcoholic. 

ALCOHOLS,HIGHERALIPHATIC - SURVEY AND NATURALALCOHOLSMANUFACTURE] (Vol 4) -DNAbinding of [GENETIC ENGINEERING - PROCEDURES] (Vol 12)... 

These findings were unexpected because previous studies had demonstrated that the y2 subunit is required for potentiation of GABAa receptor function by low concentrations of ethanol [2]. The y2 subunit gene is located within a definitely mapped quantitative trait locus (QTL) for acute alcohol withdrawal on mouse chromosome 11 [1]. Allelic variation was genetically... 

Buck KJ, Metten P, Belknap JK et al (1997) Quantitative trait loci involved in genetic predisposition to acute alcohol withdrawal in mice. J Neurosci 17 3946-3955... 

Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism involve perturbations which cause elevation of triglycerides and/or cholesterol, reduction of HDL-C, or alteration of properties of lipoproteins, such as their size or composition. These perturbations can be genetic (primary) or occur as a result of other diseases, conditions, or drugs (secondary). Some of the most important secondary disorders include hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, renal disease, and alcohol use. Hypothyroidism causes elevated LDL-C levels due primarily to downregulation of the LDL receptor. Insulin-resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus result in impaired capacity to catabolize chylomicrons and VLDL, as well as excess hepatic triglyceride and VLDL production. Chronic kidney disease, including but not limited to end-stage... 

Brand-Herrmann SM, Kuznetsova T, Wiechert A et al (2005) European Project on Genes in Hypertension Investigators. Alcohol intake modulates the genetic association between HDL cholesterol and the PPARgamma2 Pro 12Ala polymorphism. J Lipid Res 46 913-919... 

One fascinating aspect of the effect of the genetic polymorphisms described earlier is that acculturation can partially overcome the protective factor, and Asian groups born in North America may have only partial protection (Goldman 1993 Tu and Israel 1995). In individuals who consume small amounts of alcohol over time, the aversive effects diminish, an effect similar to that described in clinical reports of patients who developed a resistance to the effects of disulfiram. 

Chen CC, Lu RB, Chen YC, et al Interaction between the functional polymorphisms of the alcohol-metabolism genes in protection against alcoholism. Am J Hum Genet 65 795-807, 1999... 

Edenberg HJ, Dick DM, Xuei X, et al Variations in GABRA2, encoding the alpha 2 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor, are associated with alcohol dependence and with brain oscillations. Am J Hum Genet 74 705-714, 2004... 

Goldberg HL, Finnerty RJ The comparative efficacy of buspirone and diazepam in the treatment of anxiety. Am J Psychiatry 136 1184-1187, 1979 Goldman D Recent developments in alcoholism genetic transmission. Recent Dev Alcohol 11 231-248, 1993... 

Sachs, M.M., Dennis, E.S., Gerlach, W.L. Peacock, W.J. (1986). Two alleles of maize alcohol dehydrogenase I have 3 structural and poly(A) addition polymorphisms. Genetics, 113, 449-67. 

In some Asian populations and Native Americans, alcohol consumption results in increased adverse reactions to acetaldehyde owing to a genetic defect of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. 

For reasons that are not yet fully understood, some people seem to develop addictions to street drugs, cigarettes or alcohol more easily than others. There is some evidence that some of this predisposition may be genetically inherited. For instance, the offspring of alcoholics are more likely to become alcoholics themselves, even when not exposed to the social influence of their alcoholic parents. 

GENETIC AND BIOLOGICAL MARKERS IN DRUG ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM. Monique C. Braude, Ph.D., and Helen M. Chao, Ph.D., eds. 

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