Gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis is an acute inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines. Symptoms include anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain and weakness. Gastroenteritis has many causes, such as bacteria (food poisoning), viruses, parasites, consumption of irritating food or drink, as well as stress. Treatment for the condition depends on the underlying cause. 

Bacillus cereus B. cereus gastroenteritis food poisoning... 

Oxalic acid is caustic and corrosive to the skin and mucous membranes. Ingestion may cause severe gastroenteritis with vomiting, diarrhea and melana. Renal damage can occur as result of formation of excessive Ca oxalate. Severe poisoning can end fatally. Tolerance,... 

Headache, dizziness, dyspepsia, gastroenteritis, influenza symptoms, cough, abdominal pain, fatigue... 

Sodium nitrite is produced in the human body by the action of saliva on sodium nitrate, and is important in controlling bacteria in the stomach, to prevent gastroenteritis. The body produces more sodium nitrite than is consumed in food. 

Acute gastroenteritis Norovlrus and Sapovims, Rotavirus, Astrovirus some... 

There are some descriptions of water-borne outbreaks, or even small epidemics of acute gastroenteritis (diarrhoea), cholera and hepatitis E associated with catastrophic floods that occurred in developing countries, such as Sudan [34, 35], Nicaragua [36], Mozambique [37] and West Bengal [37]. On the contrary, no changes in the base-line outbreak incidence have been reported in developed countries after major floods [37, 38]. When infrastructures and water management are adequate, outbreaks of faecal-oral water-borne infectious diseases do not follow flood events, even in the case where water flooding has compromised the security of water facilities [37]. 

Morris RD, Naumova EN, Levin R, Munasinghe RL (1996) Temporal variation in drinking water turbidity and diagnosed gastroenteritis in Milwaukee. Am J Public Health 86 237-239... 

Arias C, Sala MR, Dominguez A et al (2006) Waterborne epidemic outbreak of Shigella sonnei gastroenteritis in Santa Maria de Palautordera, Catalonia, Spain. Epidemiol Infect 134 598-604... 

Anonymous (2000) Waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with a contaminated municipal water supply. Canada Communicable Disease Report, vol 26. Walkerton, ON, pp 170-173, May-June 2000... 

Le Guyader FS, Bon F, deMedici D et al (2006) Detection of a multiple norovimses associated with an international gastroenteritis outbreak linked to oyster consumption. J Clin Microbiol... 

People who should not work with organophosphate insecticides are those with organic central nervous system disease, mental disorders, epilepsy, pronounced endocrine disorders, respiratory conditions, cardiovascular diseases, circulatory disorders, gastroenteric diseases, liver or kidney disease, and chronic conjunctivitis and keratitis (Medved and Kagan 1983). 

Reoviruses Rotavirus An inner core is surrounded by tv/o concentric icosahedral shells producing particles 70nm in diameter A very common cause of gastroenteritis in infants. It is spread through poor water supplies and when standards of general hygiene are low. In developing countries it is responsible for about a million deaths each year... 

There is a large reservoir of NoV in the commimity, as evidenced by surveys of community acquired and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis (Buesa et ah, 2002 Haustein et ah, 2009 Karsten et ah, 2009 Lindell et ah, 2005). Syndromic surveillance of vomiting reports also indicates that the presence of NoV infections is constantly fluctuating in different areas (Cooper et ah, 2008). This widespread reservoir means that NoVs are continually introduced into hospital settings where they can spread rapidly despite efforts to interrupt transmission (Cunliffe et al., 2010 Koopmans, 2009 Sommer et ah, 2009). Preventing the introduction of this widespread pathogen is nearly impossible (Koopmans, 2009 Yee et ah, 2007). 

Bon, F., Fascia, P., Dauvergne, M., Tenenbaum, D., Planson, H., Petion, A. M., Pothier, P., and Kohli, E. (1999). Prevalence of group A rotavirus, human calicivirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus type 40 and 41 infections among children with acute gastroenteritis in Dijon, France. /. Clin. Microbiol. 37,3055-3058. 

Bon, F., Ambert-Balay, K., Giraudon, H., Kaplon, J., Le Guyader, S., Pommepuy, M., Gallay, A., Vaillant, V., de Valk, H., Chikhi-Brachet, R., Flahaut, A., Pothier, P., et al. (2005). Molecular epidemiology of calidviruses deteded in sporadic and outbreak cases of gastroenteritis in France from December 1998 to February 2004. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43, 4659 664. 

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