Gastroenteritis diseases/disorders

People who should not work with organophosphate insecticides are those with organic central nervous system disease, mental disorders, epilepsy, pronounced endocrine disorders, respiratory conditions, cardiovascular diseases, circulatory disorders, gastroenteric diseases, liver or kidney disease, and chronic conjunctivitis and keratitis (Medved and Kagan 1983). 

This chapter describes the basic characteristics of viruses and the relatively limited number of drugs that can act selectively as antiviral agents. Methods of preventing viral infections (antiviral vaccines) are also briefly discussed. Finally, the current methods of treating a specific viral-induced disease—AIDS—are presented. Rehabilitation specialists often treat patients who are in the active stages of a viral infection, as well as those suffering from the sequelae of viral disorders, such as gastroenteritis, encephalitis, and influenza. Hence, the pharmacotherapeutic treatment and prophylaxis of viral infections should concern physical therapists and occupational therapists. 

Secondary lactose intolerance may occur as a result of reduced enzyme activity following diffuse intestinal damage from infections (giardiasis, bacterial overgrowth, or viral gastroenteritis), ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, and tropical sprue. This deficiency is usually reversible following recovery from the disorder. 

Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency usually presents clinically in infancy when sucrose and fruit are introduced in the diet, " but sometimes first presents in adulthood. The deficiency is rare in Caucasians, but more common in Eskimo groups. Deficiencies of both lactase and sucrase-isomaltase may occur secondary to other small bowel diseases (e.g., cehac disease, Crohn s disease,or acute gastroenteritis). Trehalase deficiency is a rare disorder,except in Greenland, where it occurs in 8% of the population. It is manifested by diarrhea following the ingestion of mushrooms. 

Carbohydrate malabsorption can occur in a number of diseases that cause mucosal damage or dysfunction (e.g., gastroenteritis, protein deficiency, gluten-sensitive enteropathy). Disorders due to deficiencies of specific oligosaccharidases are discussed below. 

Enteric infections result in gastroenteritis occurring 6-48 h after ingestion of contaminated food or water. The most common symptoms are diarrhoea, fever, nausea and vomiting, as well as abdominal pain. Abdominal pain usually consists of cramping and may be, in most cases, the most prominent symptom. It may be generalised but, in some instances, maybe localised and cause a syndrome or disorder that mimics appendicitis or inflammatory bowel disease. 

Traditional Medicine. Chirata is used in India as a bitter tonic, febrifuge, anti-inflammatory, and in the treatment of thirst, biliousness, diarrhea, skin diseases, sciatica, depression, cough (nadkarni), asthma, anemia, liver disorders also taken to prevent epidemic malaria, cholera, and gastroenteritis during the rainy... 

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