Carica papaya

Proteolytic enzyme from the latex of Carica papaya with an approximate molecular weight of 27000. It is differentiated from papain in electrophoresis behavior, in solubility and in substrate specifity. Isolation by acidify of papaya-latex with HCl, salting out with NaCl and following chromatographic purification. The formulation contains L-cysteine as reducing agent. 

Breithaupt, D.E. et al.. Plasma response to a single dose of dietary (3-cryptoxanthin esters from papaya (Carica papaya L.) or non-esterified (3-cryptoxanthin in adult human subjects a comparative study, Br. J. Nutr., 90, 795, 2003. 

Canini A, Alesiani D, D Arcangelo G and Tagliatesta P. 2007. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of phenolic compounds from Carica papaya L. leaf. J Food Comp Anal 20 584-590. 

Godoy HT and Rodriguez-Amaya DB. 1991. Comportamento dos carotenoides de pure de mamao (Carica papaya) sob processamento e estocagem. Cienc Tecnol Aliment 11 210-220. 

Perez-Carrillo E and Yahia EM. 2004. Effect of postharvest hot air and fungicide treatments on the quality of Maradol papaya (Carica papaya). J Food Qual 27 127-139. 

Wall MM. 2006. Ascorbic acid, vitamin A, and mineral composition of banana (Musa sp.) and papaya (Carica papaya) cultivars grown in Hawaii. J Food Comp Anal 19 434 145. 

Karakurt Y and Huber DJ. 2003. Activities of several membrane and cell-wall hydrolases, ethylene biosynthetic enzymes, and cell wall polyuronide degradation during low-temperature storage of intact and fresh-cut papaya (Carica papaya) fruit. Postharvest Biol Technol 28(2) 219—229. 

Papain is a cysteine protease isolated from the latex of the immature fruit and leaves of the plant Carica papaya. It consists of a single 23.4 kDa, 212 amino acid polypeptide, and the purified enzyme exhibits broad proteolytic activity. Although it can be used as a debriding agent, it is also used for a variety of other industrial processes, including meat tenderizing and for the clarification of beverages. 

In microsomes from Sinapis alba L.,33,34 Tropaeolum majus L.,35,36 and Carica papaya L.,37 the aromatic amino acids (tyrosine and phenylalanine) have been shown to be converted to the corresponding oximes by cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases. The conversion of tyrosine to the corresponding oxime in microsomes from S. alba was approximately 1000 fold lower than in microsomes from the cyanogenic sorghum.33 This made a biochemical approach for the isolation... 

This enzyme [EC 3.4.22.6], also known as papaya proteinase II, is a member of the peptidase family Cl. It is the major endopeptidase of papaya (Carica papaya) latex. It has a specificity similar to that of papain. In addition, there are a number of chromatographic forms of the enzyme. 

This enzyme [EC 3.4.22.25] catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds with a preference for Gly-Xaa in proteins and small molecule substrates. The enzyme, a member of the peptidase family Cl, is isolated from the papaya plant, Carica papaya. It is not inhibited by chicken cys-tatin, unlike most other homologs of papain. 

Proteins free-sulfvdrvl papain and chymopapain (papaya, Carica papaya L., Violales, Ang. native to S Amwica, cultivated in Zaire, Uganda, Tanzania, and the East) and brcmelain (pineapple. Ananas comosum, Bromeliales, Ang. native to S America, cultivated in Africa) NO-releasing heme nitrqjhwin (blood-sucking Ins. Rhodnius prolixux Walker 1999). 

Certain crops require a special climate and soil. Plants native to the American tropical rain forest give coca (Erythroxylum cocoa), avocado (Persea americana), the American counterpart of the mango (Spondias mombin), guava (Psidium guqjava), papaya (Carica papaya), the Brazilian nut (Bertholletia excelsa), and chewing-gum (latex om Achras sapota). 

The presence of alkaloids has been recorded and benzylisothio-cyanates arc known. Carica papaya has been reported to give positive alkaloid tests and such yas found to be the case here in five of nine samples. 

Papain is a mixture of proteolytic enzymes found in extract of papaya, the fruit of the papaya tree (Carica papaya). It is taken orally in the belief that it reduces edema, inflammation, herpes zoster symptoms, diarrhea, and psoriasis symptoms. The pharmacological mechanisms by which papain may affect coagulation are not known. Patients receiving warfarin should be advised to avoid papain supplementation until further information about this potential interaction becomes available (Table 4.4). 

N1 - CARICA PAPAYA Linn., unripe -fruit pulp extract... 

Crude papain, obtained as the dried exudate of the fruit and leaves of Carica papaya L., Caricaceae, is usually found to have been contaminated during collection, drying, or storage by insects, rodent hair and excreta, botanical plant parts, sand, etc. and may thereby become further contaminated by harmful bacteria and enteric organisms. 

B. S. Baines and K. Brocklchurat A necessary modification to die preparation of papain from any high-quality latex of Carica papaya and evidence for the structural integrity of the enzyme produced by traditional methods. Biochem. J. 177)541 (1979). 

T. Dubois, A. Jacquet, A. O. Schnek, and Y. Looze. Hie thiol proteinases from the latex of Carica papaya L. 1. Fractionation, purification and preliminary characterization, Biol Cheth. Hoppe-Seyier J6P 733 (1988). 

A. Jacquet, T, Kkutschmidt, A. G. Schnek, Y. Looze, and G. Biamrifeer. The thiol proteinases from the latex of Carica papaya L. Ill, Hie primary structure of chymopapain, BioL Chan. Hoppe-Seyier 370 425 (1989). 

D. C. Wataon, M. Yaguchi. and K. R. Lynn. The amino acid sequence of chymopapain from Carica papaya. Biochem. J. 266 75(1990). 

B, P. O Hara, A. M. Hemmings, D. J. Buttle, and L. H. Pearl- Crystal structure of glycyl endopeptidase from Carica papaya a cysteine endopeptidaae of unusual sub-mate specificity. Biochemistry34 13190 (1995). 

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