Further Literature Sources

In addition to the publications listed in Table 78 to 80, there is a series of further literature sources in which only the dissolution or the crystallinity of the solid solutions is investigated, without any determination of their stability, bioavailability or solubilization effect (i.e. increase in absolute solubility, see Section 2.4.5). Table 83 below gives an selection of such publications. 

Table 1.1 summarizes the types of processes for generating nanoparticles that are currently involved in the top-down and bottom-up approaches (or their mixed variants). It should be noted that many of these processes have their origin and primary applications predominantly in the pharmaceutical industry so far the commercial food applications of nanotechnology are still in their infancy. For each of the processes mentioned in Table 1.1, the kinds of nanoparticles involved are listed along with a brief indication of their characteristic properties and their approximate particle dimensions. Also presented are some recent literature sources on these various topics (mainly review-type articles) where the interested reader can obtain further background material. 

Two different definitions are used for downcomer residence time (371). The "apparent residence time is the ratio of the downcomer volume to the clear liquid flow in the downcomer. The downcomer volume is based on the tray spacing times the average downcomer cross section. The true residence time is the ratio of froth volume in the downcomer to the frothy liquid flow in the downcomer. The true residence time can alternatively be expressed as the ratio of the clear liquid volume in the downcomer to the clear liquid flow. Different literature sources use different definitions the definition adopted here is that of the apparent downcomer residence time. The author found this definition easier to apply, and to give a better correlation with the guidelines below [which were based on apparent residence times (49,86)]. Further, the author found that applying the true residence time definition as outlined by some early sources (371) can lead to oversized downcomers. 

Being the first paper of the annual report to be devoted to the computer processing of NMR spectra, this review attempts to cover this field from the beginning. In view of the selected historical approach, and given the wealth of literature devoted to the question, this paper will mainly focus on directing the reader towards other literature sources as there is very little scope for further details. 

Some literature sources for further information are mentioned, knowing that such a list will never be complete (but this is intended as a starting point). Over the years, several reviews of the research conducted with pulse-calorimeters have been published, which are good sources for more and detailed information about the historical developments and, in particular, for specific details of different pulse calorimeters. The first reviews, after the Exploding wires series of books by Chace [7], were presented by Cezairliyan, one of the originators of... 

This chapter reviews the essential concepts of vascular mechanics and its methods of quantification. Some of the important controversies are discussed, and further research areas are pointed out. Detailed information is provided on the structural and mechanical changes of arteries with age. The effect of vascular disorders such as arterosclerosis and hypertension on the mechanical behavior of blood vessels is discussed as well. Extensive addition literature sources are provided. 

We the authors have not carried out any studies verifying the safety aspects of the organic azides studied in this section. Readers and practitioners of these experimental procedures are advised to consult the original literature sources for further information. It must be noted that also the safety aspects of all the other experiments throughout the book, have not been verified by us. 

The Colour Index (1971) identifies two white bismuth compounds used as pigments Cl 77163/Pigment White 14, which is listed as bismuth chloride oxide q.v , BiClO), and Cl 77169/ Pigment White 17, which is described as basic bismuth nitrate (see entry for bismuth nitrate for possible compounds). A further possibility from literature sources (see below) is an oxide this may probably be discounted, however (see Bismuth oxides and hydroxides group). 

Lead-rubber bearings are one of various existing types of seismic isolation devices and have been used for years for the protection of structures from the damaging effect of earthquakes. This entiy presents summarized information regarding the use, benefits, properties, and applications of lead-rubber bearings along with literature sources for further reading on the subject. 

Some literature sources for guidance on hazard studies are given here and further references can be found in section 1.16. 

Further information indicates no data if nothing more than the type of the copol uner was stated in the corresponding literature source. 

The reader is advised to start with this book and to then delve further into the computational literature pertaining to his or her specific work. It is impossible to reference all relevant works in a book such as this. The bibliography included at the end of each chapter primarily lists textbooks and review articles. These are some of the best sources from which to begin a serious search of the literature. It is always advisable to run several tests to determine which techniques work best for a given project. 

Many sources contain scattered information concerning cooling water system corrosion and defects, and many literature studies describe corrosion processes and mechanisms from a predominantly theoretical viewpoint. Until now, however, no source discusses cooling water system corrosion with emphasis on identification and elimination of specific problems. Much of the information in this book is unique every significant form of attack is thoroughly detailed. Color photos illustrate each failure mechanism, and case histories further describe industrial problems. 

Normally such mills are installed in groups known as wind farms to provide a sizeable power source, except in remote areas, where power demand may be restricted to a very limited area and small mills may suffice. When mills are installed in groups, precautions are necessary to ensure that there is enough distance between any two mills so that there is no hindrance to routine maintenance, on the one hand, and obstruction of wind to other mills, on the other. For more details, refer to the literature available on the subject in the Further reading at the end of the chapter. 

This chapter lists some representative examples of biochemicals and their origins, a brief indication of key techniques used in their purification, and literature references where further details may be found. Simpler low molecular weight compounds, particularly those that may have been prepared by chemical syntheses, e.g. acetic acid, glycine, will be found in Chapter 4. Only a small number of enzymes and proteins are included because of space limitations. The purification of some of the ones that have been included has been described only briefly. The reader is referred to comprehensive texts such as the Methods Enzymol (Academic Press) series which currently runs to more than 344 volumes and The Enzymes (3rd Edn, Academic Press) which runs to 22 volumes for methods of preparation and purification of proteins and enzymes. Leading referenees on proteins will be found in Advances in Protein Chemistry (59 volumes. Academic Press) and on enzymes will be found in Advances in Enzymology (72 volumes, then became Advances in Enzymology and Related Area of Molecular Biology, J Wiley Sons). The Annual Review of Biochemistry (Annual Review Inc. Patio Alto California) also is an excellent source of key references to the up-to-date information on known and new natural compounds, from small molecules, e.g. enzyme cofactors to proteins and nucleic acids. 

It is beyond the scope of this text to examine all of these processes in depth. Much literature is available, but we would recommend Volume 6a of Biotechnology, edited by Kieslich K (published by Verlag Chemie, 1984) as a good source if you wish to pursue this aspect further. 

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