Fungicidal activities

Karathane A trade name for 2,4-dinitro-6-( 1 -methylheptyl)phenyl crotonate, CJ8H24N2O6, a compound which has both acaricidal and fungicidal activity. It is a red-brown oil of high boiling point, insoluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents. Karathane is used for the control of powdery mildew, and is nontoxic to mammals. 

Dichloroacetic acid is used in the synthesis of chloramphenicol [56-75-7] and aHantoin [97-59-6]. Dichloroacetic acid has vimcidal and fungicidal activity. It was found to be active against several staphylococci (36). The oral toxicity is low the LD q in rats is 4.48 g/kg. It can, however, cause caustic bums of the skin and eyes and the vapors are very irritating and injurious (28). 

Microtubulin Polymerization Inhibitors. The ben2imida2oles were first reported to have systemic fungicidal activity in 1964 (29). Prominent examples include thiabendazole [148-79-8] (42) fuberida2ole [3878-19-1] (43) carbendazim [10605-21-7] (44) benomyl [17804-35-2] (45) and thiophanate methyl [23564-05-8] (46). Benomyl (45), the most widely used member of this group is almost certainly inactive as a fungicide until it is converted in plants and soil to carbendazim (44). Likewise, thiophanate and thiophanate methyl (46) are nonfungitoxic until converted to carbendazin (44). 

The ammoniacal solution of phenyhnercuric acetate contains polymercurates. The low solubihty of polymercurates is an advantage in exterior coatings, where bactericidal and fungicidal activity is unimpaired and these materials are leached out more slowly. 

In paints, zinc oxide serves as a mildewstat and acid buffer as well as a pigment. The oxide also is a starting material for many zinc chemicals. The oxide supphes zinc in animal feeds and is a fertilizer supplement used in zinc-deficient soils. Its chemical action in cosmetics (qv) and dmgs is varied and complex but, based upon its fungicidal activity, it promotes wound healing. It is also essential in nutrition. Zinc oxide is used to prepare dental cements in combination with eugenol and phosphoric and poly(acrylic acid)s (48) (see Dental materials). 

Of agricultural importance is the plant-growth regulating activity of 6,8-dichloro-2-methyl-3-carboxymethyl-4(3H) quinazolinone which was as potent as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the Lepidium test. 4-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazoline has been patented with reference to fungicidal activity. 

A number of compounds of invention (95EUP658547) include derivatives 116 which have excellent fungicidal activity. They exert excellent preventive effects on various phytopathogenic fungi, which makes them useful as an agricultural/ horticultural fungicides. 

More recently, self-assembling 3//-azepine monolayers on a gold surface have been obtained by the photodecomposition of bis ll-[(4-azidobenzoyl)oxy]undec-l-yl disulfide.284 Other than some alkyl and aryl 177-azepine-l-carboxylates, which possess fungicidal activity, particularly against Sclerotium rolfsii,104 the unsaturated azepine systems surveyed in this section do not have any notable biological activity. 

Akhunov et al. (2008) purified chitin-specific PO with fungicidal activity from cotton and observed the increase of its activity in plants, penetrated by Verticillium dahliae. Golubenco et al. (2007) showed the presence of the chitin-binding PO isozyme in Hibiscus trionum, which activated dramatically after inoculation by V, dahliae. The plants of Nicotiana tabacum overexpressing the anionic PO (chitin-specific according to our data) were more resistant to Helicoverpa zea and Lasioderma serricorne as compared with the wild-type (Dowd et al., 2006). 

This type of test may be used to investigate bactericidal, sporicidal or fungicidal activity. 

Alkylenebis(dithiocarbamates) compounds, known also as ethylenebisdithiocarba-mates (EBDCs), are nonsystemic, low-toxicity pesticides with strong and broad fungicide activity on plant diseases. Developed by Rohm and Haas and E. I. du Pont de Nemours, they are used to protect vegetables and fruit crops. 

Dinitrophenol is a member of the aromatic family of pesticides, many of which exhibit insecticide and fungicide activity. DNP is considered to be highly toxic to humans, with a lethal oral dose of 14 to 43mg/kg. Environmental exposure to DNP occurs primarily from pesticide runoff to water. DNP is used as a pesticide, wood preservative, and in the manufacture of dyes. DNP is an uncoupler, or has the ability to separate the flow of electrons and the pumping of ions for ATP synthesis. This means that the energy from electron transfer cannot be used for ATP synthesis [75,77]. The mechanism of action of DNP is believed to inhibit the formation of ATP by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. 

BENZOIC ACID Na SALT Good fungicidal activity Low water solubility (acid)... 

Fungicidal activity was determined by the disc method and zones of inhibition were recorded by measuring the diameter (mm) of the inhibition zone. Yeast cultures (S. cerevisiae) showed growth inhibition (clear area surrounding disc) by sediment extracts from all stations when compared to control discs. HPLC analysis of sediment extracts showed more than 20 components in the migration profile of each station. Of these components, a fraction demonstrated to possess cytolytic activity in the crude extract (Ve = 24 ml) was present in all stations when compared to the migration profile of the active fraction (Figure 2). 

Trialkyl (triaryl)stannyl methacrylates were copolymerized with ethylene and methyl methacrylate and it was shown that the resulting copolymer offers improved mechanical properties as compared to ethylene, and high fungicidal activity. It was suggested that homopolymers and copolymers of triethylstannyl methacrylate contain a covalent and an ionic bond between the carboxy group and the tin atom 63). 

Fungicidal activity of cobalt(II) and other divalent metals of tsc compounds have been observed, and is usually greater than for the free ligand.495 Broad antimicrobial activity has been reported for the cobalt(II) complex of acetophenone-4-(2 -carboxy-5 -sulfophenyl)-3-thio-semicarbazone.496... 

The tetracyclic [l,2,4]triazino[4,3-/]phenanthridines 162 showed fungicidal activity, where they appeared to be the key requirements for control of Erysiphe graminis tritici (90MI3). 

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