Synthesis phosphates

Figure 5.5 The coupled reaction in which ATP supplies the phosphoryl group for glucose-6-phosphate synthesis in contrast, phosphoenolpyruvate has a phosphoryl-transfer potential sufficiently elevated to enable it to donate its phosphoryl group to ADP, generating ATP.

PHOSPHOGLUCOSE ISOMERASE Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, PHOSPHOGLUCOISOMERASE D-Glucose 6-phosphate synthesis, 6-PHOSPHO-/3-GLUCOSIDASE GLUCOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANS-FERASE... 

Epoxy-(p-glucopyranosyl)ethane, 369 2i -Epoxyhexitol-6-phosphate, synthesis... 

Pogell, B. M., and Gryder, R. M., 1969, Further studies on glucosamine-6-phosphate synthesis by rat liver, J. Biol. Chem. 235 558-562. 

Purine, 6-chloro-8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-synthesis, 5, 576 Purine, 6-chloro-9-phenyl-dipole moment, 5, 522 Purine, 6-chloro-9-(2-phenylethyl)-dipole moment, 5, 522 Purine, 6-chloro-9- -D-ribofuranosyl-5 -phosphate synthesis, 5, 595 synthesis, 5, 598... 

Figure 12-14. The creatine phosphate shuttle of heart and skeletal muscle. The shuttle allows rapid transport of high-energy phosphate from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol. CKg, creatine kinase concerned with large requirements for ATP, eg, muscular contraction CIC, creatine kinase for maintaining equilibrium between creatine and creatine phosphate and ATP/ADP CKg, creatine kinase coupling glycolysis to creatine phosphate synthesis CK, , mitochondrial creatine kinase mediating creatine phosphate production from ATP formed in oxidative phosphorylation P, pore protein in outer mitochondrial membrane.

Nomier AA, Abou-Donia MB. 1986. Studies on the metabolism of the neurotoxic tri-ort/20-cresyl phosphate Synthesis and identification by infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry of five of its metabolites. Toxicology 38 1-13. 

Dabkowski et al [28] have found that 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), whose pKa=4.1 is close to that of tetrazole pKa 4.9, acts as an efficient activator of phosphate synthesis via the phosphoroamidite procedure. The reaction of amidites with an equivalent amount of nucleoside in the presence of 2,4-dinitrophenol proceeds in very high yield and at rates comparable or higher than those when tetrazole is used. Phosphitylations activated by 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) take place at room temperature in aprotic solvents like THE,... 

THREONINE DEHYDRATASE TRYPTOPHANASE TYROSINE AMINOTRANSFERASE Pyridoxal S -phosphate, synthesis of, PYRIDOXAL KINASE... 

Davis, R.H. Carbamyl phosphate synthesis in Neurospora crassa. I. Preliminary characterization of arginine-specific carbamyl phosphokinase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 107, 44-53 (1965)... 

Sucrose synthesis in the cytosol and starch synthesis in the chloroplast are the major pathways by which the excess triose phosphate from photosynthesis is harvested. Sucrose synthesis (described below) releases four Pi molecules from the four triose phosphates required to make sucrose. For every molecule of triose phosphate removed from the chloroplast, one Pj is transported into the chloroplast, providing the ninth Pj mentioned above, to be used in regenerating ATP. If this exchange were blocked, triose phosphate synthesis would quickly deplete the available Pj in the chloroplast, slowing ATP synthesis and suppressing assimilation of C02 into starch. 

FIGURE 20-27 Regulation of sucrose phosphate synthase by phosphorylation. A protein kinase (SPS kinase) specific for sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) phosphorylates a Ser residue in SPS, inactivating it a specific phosphatase (SPS phosphatase) reverses this inhibition. The kinase is inhibited allosterically by glucose 6-phosphate, which also activates SPS allosterically. The phosphatase is inhibited by Pi, which also inhibits SPS directly. Thus when the concentration of glucose 6-phosphate is high as a result of active photosynthesis, SPS is activated and produces sucrose phosphate. A high P, concentration, which occurs when photosynthetic conversion of ADP to ATP is slow, inhibits sucrose phosphate synthesis. 

The atoms of the purine ring are contributed by a number of compounds, including amino acids (aspartic acid, glycine, and glutamine), CO2, and N10-formyltetrahydrofolate (Figure 22.5). The purine ring is constructed by a series of reactions that add the donated carbons and nitrogens to a preformed ribose 5-phosphate. (See p. 145 for a discussion of ribose 5-phosphate synthesis by the HMP pathway.)... 

The isolation of mutants in S. typhimurium by Rick and Osborn (11,12) and mutants in E. coli by Nishijima and Raetz (44) that accumulate the Lipid A precursor indicate that KDO synthesis and Lipid A synthesis are not coordinately controlled. The initial steps in the synthesis of the Lipid A precursor are totally unknown. The temperature sensitive mutants of E. coli isolated by Nishijima and Raetz (44) that are defective in phosphaditylglyc-erol phosphate synthesis at 42°C and accumulate the Lipid A precursors indicate that there is some relationship between the synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol and LPS. The reasons for the acu-cumulation of the Lipid A precursors in this E. coli mutant are not obvious. We have shown that CDP-diglyceride, one of the substrates for phosphatidylglycerol phosphate synthesis, is an inhibitor of D-arabinose-5-phosphate isomerase with an 1 value... 

Ldiligtr et aL t low-temperature dithymidlne phosphate synthesis and concurrent developments In phosphite and phospboremldllte chemistry... 

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