Framework Convention on Climatic Change

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Kyoto Protocol of 1997, United Nations 1997, N.Y. 

Howes, R. and Famberg, A. eds. (1991). The Energy Sourcebook. New York American Institute of Physics. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. (1997). Kyoto Protocol. New York United Nations. 

In December of 1997, COP3 (the third session of the Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change) was held in Kyoto. Outline of the agreement is as follows ... 

UNFCCC (1997) Kyoto protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on climate change. Document FCCC/CP/1997/7/ Add 1, http //www.unfccc.de Van Cleve K, Powers RF (1995) Soil carbon, soil formation, and ecosystem development. In McFee WW, Kelly JM (eds) Carbon forms and functions in forest soils. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp 155-200 Wedin TA, Tieszen LL, Dewey B, Pastor J (1995) Carbon isotope dynamics during grass decomposition and soil organic matter formation. Ecology 76 1383-1392... 

Harvey, L.D.D., Declining temporal effectiveness of carbon sequestration, implications for compliance with the United National framework convention on climate change, Climate Change, 63(3), 259,2004. 

Wallace, D., Capture and Storage of C02—What Needs to Be Done, Proceedings of the 6th Conference of the Parties, COP 6, to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, The Hague, The Netherlands, November 13-24,2000, www.iea.org/envissu/index.htm, 2000. 

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, as such, have not foreseen C02 capture and storage as a means of emissions reduction. The UNFCCC defined emissions as, The release of greenhouse gases and/or their precursors into the atmosphere, (Article 1(4), UNFCCC, 1992). Consequently, C02 captured at source and stored outside the atmosphere is not an emission according to the definition in the Convention. Since industrial activity with CCS (and a theoretical 100% capture rate) does not create emissions according to the UNFCCC definition, one could interpret the action of C02 capture and storage as an emission reduction. Purdy and Macrory (2004) point out that this... 

EPER covers the releases into the environment from industrial facilities above a minimum production capacity. It excludes emissions from the transport sector and from most agricultural sources. The comparison with the EU-15 s total emissions of some important greenhouse gases and air pollutants (as reported under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution) shows that EPER covers around—... 

According to the U.N. Framework Convention on Climatic Change, total worldwide C02 emission amounts to 428,941 Ggyr 1 and the 10% reduction required by the Kyoto Protocol would correspond to 11,698GgCyr1. Lai (2002b) estimated the... 

The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, which agreed on the nature of the problem and the need for action led by industrialized countries, was signed at the Rio Earth Summit in June 1992 and ratified by the US Senate later the same year, and entered into force a year later. It was also in the period 1990-1992 that the EU developed proposals for a carbon tax, later made conditional on action by other countries. 

Atmospheric emissions from coal-fired generating plants are of concern to various bodies—national (criteria pollutants [CO, particulates,17 03, N02, S02, and Pb], are defined and regulated by the EPA under the National Ambient Air Quality Standards) and international (greenhouse gases, considered under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, are mainly C02, CH4, N20, hydrofluorocarbons,... 

The fourth International Conference on Carbon Dioxide Utilization (ICCDU IV) is very timely. Governments from around the world will meet in Kyoto in December 1997 to agree on a new Protocol or Another Legal Instrument o the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The conference provides a very valuable opportunity to take stock of activities in a potentially important area of climate change responses - CO utilization. 

IPCC s first assessment report was issued in 1990 in which they announced that, although there was some uncertainty about the problem of global warming, there was increasing international awareness that a precautional approach was necessary because it would be too late to act when real damage became apparent. As a result, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change was adopted at the UNCED Earth Summit held at Rio de Janeiro in 1992. 

Directive - and with the intended allocation above projected needs of the covered installations - a violation of criterion 2. Several plans were found to be on an inconsistent path to the Kyoto target because of insufficient substantiation of the intended purchase of Kyoto mechanism units with public funds. In assessing the first batch of plans the Commission developed a catalogue of criteria16 to evaluate the substantiation of intended purchase of Kyoto mechanism units which was applied to all plans that relied on this component. A number of plans, predominantly from Member States that joined the EU in May 2004, were found to propose a total cap above projected needs. The Commission relied in its assessments mainly on projections of total greenhouse gas emissions that Member States produce and report on a regular basis to the Commission and the Secretariat to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. 

Ireland s National Climate Change Strategy (NCCS) was first published in October 2000, in advance of the seventh conference of the Parties (COP7) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) at Marrakech. While this strategy contained references to the Protocol s flexible mechanisms and a commitment to develop a carbon tax by 2002, it focused on identifying actual measures to reduce emissions in each sector without identifying the policies to be used to ensure that such measures were taken. 

As all the other continental new Member States of the EU,1 Hungary is a country that is undergoing the process of transition to a market economy according to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC), and shares most of their characteristics with respect to climate policy. 

The Czech Republic is a signatory to both the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol (signed on 23 November 1998 and ratified on 15 November 2001, respectively). 

Conor Barry CDM - Secretariat, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Registration and Issuance Unit... 

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