Formaldehyde donors

Protein-Based Adhesives. Proteia-based adhesives are aormaHy used as stmctural adhesives they are all polyamino acids that are derived from blood, fish skin, caseia [9000-71 -9] soybeans, or animal hides, bones, and connective tissue (coUagen). Setting or cross-linking methods typically used are iasolubilization by means of hydrated lime and denaturation. Denaturation methods require energy which can come from heat, pressure, or radiation, as well as chemical denaturants such as carbon disulfide [75-15-0] or thiourea [62-56-6]. Complexiag salts such as those based upon cobalt, copper, or chromium have also been used. Formaldehyde and formaldehyde donors such as h exam ethyl en etetra am in e can be used to form cross-links. Removal of water from a proteia will also often denature the material. 

The rubbers were vulcanised by formaldehyde donors reacting across —NH—groups in the main chain Figure 25.33). 

DMDM HYDANTOIN Typical use concentrations 0.15 -0.4% Cheap Water soluble Low oil solubility Broad spectrum of activity Active at low concentrations Active between pH 4 -10 Non-volatile Good heat stability Formaldehyde donor... 

A rubber to fabric bonding system comprising resorcinol, a formaldehyde donor and a hydrated silica filler. Incorporated as dry ingredients in the rubber compound and activated by heat. 

Resorcinol formaldehyde latex (RFL) cord dips have only a limited application within the general rubber goods industry and for adhesion to be achieved with synthetic fibres it is necessary to use the systems developed by Bayer and Degussa. These systems are based upon a combination of resorcinol, a formaldehyde donor and a hydrated silica filler (commonly called the RFK system). This system is incorporated as dry ingredients into the rubber compound and is activated by the application of heat. 

Do not use formaldehyde and formaldehyde donors as preservatives, as their safety is doubtful. 

Use A water-soluble antimicrobial agent for use in cutting fluids and other aqueous alkaline systems formaldehyde donor with controlled rate of release and minimum odor. 

Karlberg A-T, Skare L, Lindberg I, et al. 1998. A method for quantification of formaldehyde in the presence of formaldehyde donors in skin-care products. Contact Dermatitis 38 20-28. 

NMP. [Angus] 2-Nitro-2-methyl-l-propanol chemical intermediate, formaldehyde donor for adhesives and found resins, textile reactant reduces formaldehyde rxi fmished cloth. 

AI3-02258 EINECS 200-957-6 HSDB 5213 2-Methyl-2-nitropropanol 2-Methyl-2-nitropropan-1-ol 2-Methyl-2-nitro-1-propanol 2-Nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol 2-Nitro-2-methylpropanol NMP NMP Cone, NSC 17676 1-Propanol, 2-methyl-2-nltro-, Chemical and pharm-aceutioal intermediate, in tire cord adhesives, as formaldehyde release agents, deodorants, antimicrobials. Chemical intermediate, formaldehyde donor, textile reactant reduces formaldehyde on finished cloth. Solid mp = 89.5° bp ° = 94° Xm = 278 nm (MeOH) slightly soluble in H2O, soluble in organic solvents. Sigma-Aldrich Fine Chem. Whittaker dark Daniels. 

Since various industrial products have known spoilage problems as mentioned above, the use of Biocides is essential. Industrial preservation has revolved around the use of isothiazolone (IT) and formaldehyde donor (FD) biocides. 

Formaldehyde Donors Good antibacterial activity Fast kill rate Good heat and alkali stability Cost effective Excellent in combination with isothiazolone biocides Formaldehyde itself is a sensitiser Performance gap against yeasts fungi... 

To prevent paints being classified as sensitisers, producers have opted for products that have a low CIT/MIT content boosted with a formaldehyde donor or bronopol. Such products include ACTICIDE FS(N) and ACTICIDE LA0614. 

Over the years a number of denaturants or cross-linkers have been added to soybean glues to improve their water resistance, working life, and consistency. These may be roughly categorized as formaldehyde donors, sulfur compounds, and inorganic complexing salts. 

The final addition of hexamethylenetetramine illustrates the use of a formaldehyde donor to partially denature or cross-link the dispersed proteins. This adds further granular character to the mixed glue, lengthens its working life, and improves the water and mold resistance of the cured adhesive film. 

The viscosity and consistency of casein glues can be altered substantially by reaction with most of the classic protein denaturants such as sulfur compounds, formaldehyde donors, and complexing metal salts [6,56]. One or more of these are frequently used as manufacturing control to offset the natural variability of casein and produce glues of uniform properties. The water resistance of cured casein glues is also improved by moderate denaturing. 

The amount of literature on the field of MF microcapsules has greatly increased in recent years, with journals and patent disclosures focusing particularly on the requiranent to reduce free formaldehyde. Progress had indeed been made in using a wide variety of co-condensation systems for example, melamine-urea and melamine-latent formaldehyde donors. ... 

Uses Antimicrobial in cosmetics hair lacquer resin intermediate for cosmetics, other applies. preservative formaldehyde donor Regulatory USA not restricted Japan not approved Manuf./Distrib. Int1. Sourcing... 

Aq. 37%-formaldehyde added to an aq. soln. of 3-dimethylamino-2,2-dimethyl-propionaldehyde hydrochloride, and allowed to stand 1 hr. 6-hydroxy-3,3,5,5-tetramethyltetrahydro-l,3-oxazinium chloride. Y 66%. - The product is a formaldehyde donor. L. D. Taylor, P. McLaughlin, and M. Madi, Org. Prep. Procedures 2, 33 (1970). 

Toxicology TSCA listed Uses Chemical intermediate formaldehyde donor, release agent organic synthesis pharmaceutical intermediate deodorant antimicrobial... 

Polyurethane, cast elastomer formaldehyde condensates m-Phenylenediamine formaldehyde donor MDM hydantoin 2-Nitro-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol formaldehyde mfg. 

To achieve cure, therefore, a hardener has to be added to the adhesive formulation. Suitable compounds are hexamethylene tetramine (hexamine) and paraformaldehyde as both are formaldehyde donors. In the case of the hexamine, thermal breakdown, in the presence of the water produced by the phenol/formaldehyde condensation reaction, not only yields more formaldehyde but also ammonia, which can help catalyse the reaction. 

Cosmetic preparations that contain formaldehyde donor compounds release formaldehyde in the presence of water. Very often, these are water-based preparations, such as shampoos. The presence of released formaldehyde is not required for the antimicrobial action of the compound and is therefore regarded as an nuisance however, this depends on the chemical formula as a whole. In the end, increasing use of formaldehyde-releasing compounds may lead to an increase in the incidence of contact allergy (Kranke et al. 1996). Formaldehyde-releasing agents include ... 

Uses functions as a formaldehyde donor in herbicides, polymers, color photography, latex paints, floor waxes, cutting oils, adhesives, copying paper, inks as a preservative in cosmetic products active against fungi, yeasts, and bacteria. Products preserved are shampoos, skin-care products, hair conditioners, makeup, hair rinses, and cleanliness products... 

This compound also uses Neoprene W type polychloroprene rubber. The compound, though coloured black with a few parts of carbon black is mainly filled with silica, which is a reinforcing mineral filler. The silica also helps to bond the rubber to the steel cords other ingredients added for this purpose include cobalt naphthenate. A commonly used system for this purpose is one comprising resorcinol and hexamethylene tetramine (HMT) which acts as a formaldehyde donor to form a phenolic resin in situ, but this is not suitable for Neoprene compounds because resorcinol is a fast accelerator for Neoprene vulcanization and interferes with its processing safety. 

The second is a two-component adhesive " component A is a m-aminophenol modified novolac at a pH of 5 (about 63% solids) and component is a formaldehyde donor used as hardener. The adhesive has gap-filling capability, impact resistance, and is thixotropic. A phenol-resorcinol laminating resin can be used as a primer, with good results. 

The nitroalcohols are stable at ordinary temperatures, but decompose under heat. Under alkaline conditions the nitroalcohols releases formaldehyde at a rate dependent on pH and temperature. As a formaldehyde donor the nitroalcohols are useful with adhesive and foundry resins where a controlled release of formaldehyde is needed for cross-linking of the resins. Several nitroalcohol products are available from Angus Chemical Company. 

---