Pharmaceuticals, organic synthesis

Manufacture of dyes and pharmaceuticals, organic synthesis, solvent. 

Uses Ivent for paints, syn. resins (nitrocellulose, ethylcellulose, CAB, some vinyl copolymers, PS, methacrylate resins), printing inks, gums, lacquers, plastics, oils and fats, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals organic synthesis odorant in perfumes recovery of acetic acid from dil. aq. sol ns. synthetic flavoring agent in foods and phannaceuticals recovery and crystallization of drugs in food-pkq. adhesives in cellophane for food pkg. 

NFPA Health 1, Flammability 3, Reactivity 0 Storage Store in tightly closed containers in cool, well-ventilated area separate from work place limit quantities in use Uses Solvent for natural and syn. resins, cellulose esters and ethers, paints, printing inks, waxes, veg. oils, pharmaceuticals organic synthesis chemical intermediate in polishes brake fluids degreasing solvent antiseptic antifoam, solvent in cosmetics synthetic flavoring agent in foods and pharmaceuticals in food-pkg. adhesives in cellophane for food pkg. 

Uses Solvent for cellulose ethers, pharmaceuticals organic synthesis reagent Manuf./Distrib. Aldrich http //www.sigma-aldrich.com, ChevronPhillips http //www.cpchem.com, Fluka http //www.sigma-aldrich.com, Penta Mfg. http //www.pentamfg.com, Romil Ltd http //WWW. romii. com... 

Memfield s concept of a solid phase method for peptide synthesis and his devel opment of methods for carrying it out set the stage for an entirely new way to do chem ical reactions Solid phase synthesis has been extended to include numerous other classes of compounds and has helped spawn a whole new field called combinatorial chemistry Combinatorial synthesis allows a chemist using solid phase techniques to prepare hun dreds of related compounds (called libraries) at a time It is one of the most active areas of organic synthesis especially m the pharmaceutical industry... 

Experimental procedures have been described in which the desired reactions have been carried out either by whole microbial cells or by enzymes (1—3). These involve carbohydrates (qv) (4,5) steroids (qv), sterols, and bile acids (6—11) nonsteroid cycHc compounds (12) ahcycHc and alkane hydroxylations (13—16) alkaloids (7,17,18) various pharmaceuticals (qv) (19—21), including antibiotics (19—24) and miscellaneous natural products (25—27). Reviews of the microbial oxidation of aUphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (qv) (28), monoterpenes (29,30), pesticides (qv) (31,32), lignin (qv) (33,34), flavors and fragrances (35), and other organic molecules (8,12,36,37) have been pubflshed (see Enzyp applications, industrial Enzyt s in organic synthesis Elavors AND spices). 

Monochloramine is also used in organic synthesis for preparation of amines, substituted hydrazines, etc. For example, reaction of NH2CI with 3-azabicyclo [3.3.0]octane [5661-03-0] yields A/-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane [54528-00-6] a pharmaceutical intermediate (38). 

Extremozymes—enzymes that can tolerate relatively harsh conditions, suggested as catalysts for complex organic synthesis of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals (Govardhan and Margolin, 1995). 

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical. 2. Drugs. 3. Chemistry, Organic—Synthesis. I. Mitscher, Lester A., joint author. II. Title. [DNLM 1. Chemistry, Organic. 

Butylene oxide may be hydrolyzed to butylene glycol, which is used to make plasticizers. 1,2-Butylene oxide is a stabilizer for chlorinated solvents and also an intermediate in organic synthesis such as in surfactants and pharmaceuticals. 

Combinatorial chemistry, a new chapter of organic synthesis, is now developing rapidly. This new approach to synthesizing large designed or random chemical libraries through application of solid phase synthetic methods, promises to revolutionize the process of drug discovery in the pharmaceutical industry.24... 

In a catalytic asymmetric reaction, a small amount of an enantio-merically pure catalyst, either an enzyme or a synthetic, soluble transition metal complex, is used to produce large quantities of an optically active compound from a precursor that may be chiral or achiral. In recent years, synthetic chemists have developed numerous catalytic asymmetric reaction processes that transform prochiral substrates into chiral products with impressive margins of enantio-selectivity, feats that were once the exclusive domain of enzymes.56 These developments have had an enormous impact on academic and industrial organic synthesis. In the pharmaceutical industry, where there is a great emphasis on the production of enantiomeri-cally pure compounds, effective catalytic asymmetric reactions are particularly valuable because one molecule of an enantiomerically pure catalyst can, in principle, direct the stereoselective formation of millions of chiral product molecules. Such reactions are thus highly productive and economical, and, when applicable, they make the wasteful practice of racemate resolution obsolete. 

Production of carbonic esters can also take place via reactions between higher alcohols and CO2. These compounds find use in a variety of sectors, for example, organic synthesis, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, polymers, solvents, and lubricants [44]. 

As C-C bond formation is an important step in organic synthesis, particularly for pharmaceutical applications, it is useful to look for operation modes of chemical micro processing that allow one to carry out combinatorial chemistry investigations. As such, the serial introduction of multiple reactant streams by flow switching was identified [66,67]. The wide availability of precursors for acyiiminium cations has led to the expression cation pool [66, 67]. 

Nitro aromatics owe their great importance in organic synthesis for being intermediates for the generation of the respective anilines by hydrogenation [17, 61]. For instance, pharmaceuticals are produced via that route [61],... 

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