Mineral reinforcement

Minerals reduce the thermal stability of vinyl acetate [65,73] and polymethyl methacrylate [104], 

Kaolin, however, does cause degradation of polyethylene at elevated temperatures [56,76, 111 

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High strength Stiffness at elevated temperatures Mineral reinforced Most economical Low warpagc Polyester (glass reinforced) High stiffness Lowest creep Excellent electrical properties properties... 

Mineral reinforcements, in polyamide plastic manufacture, 19 786 Mineral resources, uranium, 17 518-521 Minerals. See also Ores... 

Unmodified, bottle-grade PET resin begins to soften and become rubbery at 80 °C. This makes the direct use of unmodified PET in engineered applications not feasible. For PET to be used in durable products it must be made highly crystalline and needs to be reinforced with glass fibres or mineral reinforcements. 

The equilibrium reaction of major importance in silane-modified mineral-reinforced organic composites is the reaction of oxane bonds with water, where M is the mineral and Si is the coupling agent silicon. 

The results of the research investigations summarized here, and of numerous other recent studies, have contributed greatly to current views of the chemical interactions of silane coupling agents in mineral-reinforced composites. However, concepts and hypotheses based on results of earlier work [1, pp. 16-27] have been confirmed in most instances. 

Minerals were used in the range of 30 to 60 percent by weight. The most useful minerals were ground quartz (SIO2), Wollastonlte (CaSiOs) and calcined clay. Although the silica is very abrasive and could not be tolerated in an injection molding or extrusion resin, the slurries in the low viscosity caprolactam were pumped and cast without excessive abrasion. Calcined clay is much less abrasive than silica and is preferred if the mineral reinforced polymer Is to be post-processed by injection molding. 

Table I. Mechanical Properties of Vykan A (Mineral- -Reinforced Nylon 6) ...

The total cycle time for the mineral-reinforced nylon 6 casting process was three to four minutes. While details of this system have not been published, the technology is contained in a number of patents. (10)... 

The production of cast mineral-reinforced nylon 6 products was terminated in 1971. Research was then directed at expanding the range of properties obtainable from the anionic polymerization of caprolactam through nylon block copolymers and their fabrication by reaction injection molding. 

TABLE I. EB-PROCESSED MINERAL REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES... 

AshlenefSk. [Ashley Polymers] Nylon 6 or 6/6 resins, some glass- or mineral-reinforced, lubricated inj. molding and extrasion resins, economy grades. 

Capron . [Allied-Signal Croxton Carry Ltd.] Nylon 6 homopolymets, copolymers, glass and mineral-reinforced grades for inj. mdding and ex-ttusitm. 

Fortron . [Hoechst Celanese/Engineer-ing Plastics Hoechst UK] I S resins, some glass and/or mineral reinforced high tenq>. polymer for connectors, switches, coil b bons, ct automotive parts, gears, industrial parts. 

Nylatron . [DSM] Nylon 6,6/6, or 6/12 resins, some glass or mineral-reinforced, molybdenum disulfide-lubricated for inj. molding applies. 

Petra . [Allied-Signal] PET polyester, glass and/or mineral-reinforc ... 

Pocan . [Bay6r] PBT w PET polyester, some glass at mineral reinforced engineering thermoplastic for automotive, consumer, industrial/mech., elec elec-tionic markets. 

RX . [Rogers] Diallyl phthalate or epoxy, some glass or mineral reinforced et ineering dieimoset molding materials. 

Ultem . [GE nasties GE Plastics Ltd.] Pcdyedietimide resins, stnne glass or mineral reinforced thermoidastic resin for laboratory ware and antunodve heat transfer systems, elec./electronic sqridics., computer circuitry, microwave conq>onenis, molded parts, electronic housings, structural components, EMI/ RH/ESD rqqdics. m aircraft imtotry. 

Wellamid. [Wellman MBS Plastics] Nylon 6 or resins, some glass and/ (X mineral reinforced engineering resin for inj. molded parts. 

Astryn . [Himont] Polypropylene homopolymer and copolymers, some glass and mineral-reinforced for automotive parts, housewares, lawn and garden tools/houstngs, appliance housings, ABS replacement... 

Crastine . [Ciba-Geigy GmbH] PBT polyester, some glass and/or mineral reinforced. 

D33-73F. [Cosmic Plastics] DiallylOTtho phdialate resin, glass and/or mineral-reinforced for military and commercial implies. 

HX- Series. [DuPont] Amoq>hous liq. ciystal polyma, schip carriers, printed circuit boards, connectors, films. 

Novamid . [Mitsubishi Kasei] Nylon 6, some glass or mineral reinforced for inj. molding, extrusion, monofilament, film q lics. 

Tedur . Payer Miles] PPS, glass and/ or mineral reinforced for inj. molding, embedding, conductive, reflective, ex-tmsioi applies. 

Ultradur . [BASF/Engineoing Plastics BASF AG] PBT resin, some glass and/ (H mineral reinforced for migineerii parts, paper coatings, sections, sheet, extruded stock, film. 

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