Effect finishes

Pentamethylphosphorotriamide. Of the phosphoramide derivatives, pentamethylphosphorotriamide [10159-46-3] is the most effective finish when appHed to fabric in conjunction with dimethylolmelamine and an amine hydrochloride catalyst. The finished fabric passes the FF3-71 flammabihty test. Its main appHcation is for use on heavyweight clothes since the finish imparts a harsh hand to lightweight fabrics (99). 

THPOH—Ammonia—Tris Finish. By far the most effective finish for polyester—cotton textiles was a system based on the THPOH—NH treatment of the cotton component either foUowed or preceded by the appUcation of Tris finish to the polyester component. This combined treatment appeared to be effective on almost any polyester—cotton blend. A large amount of fabric treated in this way was sold throughout the United States and much of the rest of the world. Shortly after the introduction of Tris finishing, Tris was found to be a carcinogen. Most of the Tris treated production was in children s sleepwear, and this created a situation in which almost aU chemical fire-retardant-treated textiles were unfairly condemned as dangerous. Manufacturers mshed to replace chemically treated textiles with products produced from inherently flame-resistant fibers. Nowhere was the impact more severe than in the children s sleepwear market. New, safer materials have been introduced to replace Tris. Thus far none has been as completely effective. 

Decabromododiphenyl Oxide—Polyacrylate Finish. This finish, effective on both polyester and nylon fabrics, is one of the most effective finishes available (ca 1993) for cotton—polyester blends (131). Relatively high cost and difficulty in appUcation may have prevented more widespread use. 

In mbber production, the thiol acts as a chain transfer agent, in which it functions as a hydrogen atom donor to one mbber chain, effectively finishing chain growth for that polymer chain. The sulfur-based radical then either terminates with another radical species or initiates another chain. The thiol is used up in this process. The length of the mbber polymer chain is a function of the thiol concentration. The higher the concentration, the shorter the mbber chain and the softer the mbber. An array of thiols have subsequendy been utilized in the production of many different polymers. Some of these apphcations are as foUow ... 

The paint industry uses P.R.175 primarily to color industrial paints and also automobile repair finishes. High transparency makes the pigment an important product for transparent and metallic effect finishes. The pigment is suited to twocoat metallic automobile (O.E.M.) finishes, also referred to as base coat/clear coat finishes, especially if the clear coat contains UV absorbants. Its lightfastness and weatherfastness are excellent. P.R.175 does not bloom, is completely fast to overpainting, and is heat stable up to 200°C. 

To ensure safe and effective finished drug products, the excipients must be stable. Some excipients may be stable and may not require extensive testing, while others may be less stable and require more scrutiny. A retesting or expiration date should be identified on the container label and the COA of the raw material at the time of use. Expiration or retest dates should relate to any storage conditions stated on the label and should be supported by appropriate stability studies. 

When the product from a biochemical reactor is intended for use as a food or drug, the design process is subject to a set of government-mandated checks and balances to assure safe and effective finished products. The process must conform to a methodology known as current good manufacturing practice, or CGMP (usually shortened to GMP). Subject to this requirement for special care and documentation, the... 

Two types of DPP-quinacridone solid solution pigments are available on the market. One is a yellowish, very transparent red for metallic and effect finishes with an unusual flop behavior. The durability in organic systems is good. The other type is a bluish shade transparent red for effect shades. 

An effect finish often created using stoving acrylics is the textured finish. This is done using polypropylene beads in an acrylic stoving paint. The acrylic is particularly suitable for this effect as it is sufficiently tough to cope with the presence of the beads without giving a soft, easily marred film. A typical formulation is given below ... 

Silica matting agents are normally used for effect finishes. However for low sheen finishes it may be necessary to use blends of silicas with different properties to obtain the best appearance as problems of unevenness or patchiness can occur. Suppliers include Degussa, Grace, Croxton Garry,and Crossfield. 

Appret covers all finishing processes that provide textile fabrics with a special character, for example, feel and appearance. In this way one receives the sales characteristics and the service value and obtains fashionable effects. Finishing is done predominantly as the final task, especially on piece goods. 

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