Fabrics Stain repellants

The polycondensate of Fomblin and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl amine prepared by Moore [3] was used to provide resistance to water, oil, and stain repellency to a substrate or fabric. De Dominicis [4] used mono and difunctional perfluoropolyether phosphates and amidosilane derivatives as antistaining agents for ceramic materials. 

Fluorochemical Stain Repellent and Dry Soil Resistant Finish for Fabrics Aqueous Application... 

GranguardTG. [Grant Industries] Water, oil and stain repellent for use on synthetic and cellulosic fabrics. 

Fluorocarbons are known to introduce durable water and oil repellency (DWOR) and, as such, they are apphed in water- and stain-repellent fabrics for apparel. The combination of water and oil repellency is a typical behavior of fluorocarbon products. In the past, finishes based on C8 fluorocarbons (eight carbon atoms in the structure) were mainly used. However, concerns arose associated with these C8 fluorocarbons, more specifically with respect to PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid or pentadecafluorooctanoic acid) and PFOS (perfluorooctane sulphonate or heptadecafluoro-l-octanesulfonic acid). 

Scotchgard (Patsy O Connell Sherman) Sherman develops a stain repellent for fabrics that is trademarked as Scotchgard. 

And then, in 1908, a remarkable new form of cellulose was developed by a Swiss chemist, Jacques Brandenberger, who conceived the idea of a stain-repellent fabric while watching red wine soak into a tablecloth in a restaurant. His efforts to coat linen with a cellulose film resulted only in a brittle sheet, but then he found that the coating could be peeled away from the cloth as a thin flexible transparent film. This became cellophane, first used as a humidor wrapping for cigars. The merits of its impermeability to moisture and contaminants soon became apparent, and it instantly made a huge impact on the food industry. The miraculous nature (as it appeared) of the material was even celebrated in one of Cole Porter s lyrics ... 

Handle-oriented finishing, such as fulling to add weight and density, hydrophobic finishing to produce a fabric that repels stains or water, and weighting silk with metallic salts or polymer to add weight and improve handle. 

Water-repeUent fabrics resist wetting or repel waterborne stains they pass AATCC Test Method 22 (Spray Test). 

OU-repeUent fabrics resist wetting by oUy Hquids and repel oilhorne stains. The level of performance of such fabrics is judged by AATCC Test Method 118. 

Resistance to water and oil borne stains is a highly desirable feature to many textile uses including outerwear, home furnishings and industrial fabrics. SEQUAPEL WOR provides excellent water and oil repellency that is durable to washing and dry cleaning. 

Fluorochemicals. Fluorochemicals are the most important class of repellents for textiles. They are the only repellents that provide repellency to water, waterborne stains, oil, oilbome stains, and oily particulates. The various products have a variety of repellency and durabiHty properties for certain fabrics, and the specific compositions ate proprietary. The first company to market fluorochemical repellents was 3M iu the 1950s (Scotchgard Fabric Protector), followed by DuPont (Zepel and Teflon Fabric Protectors). Several other companies such as Autalux Corporation, Ciba Specialties, Eastern Color Chemical, Glo-Tex Chemicals, IVAX Industries, Liadley Laboratories, NICCA U.S.A, Piedmont Chemical, Sedgefield Specialties, Sequa Chemicals, and Yorkshire Pat-Chem also market such finishes (17). Fluorochemical finish appHcation areas include rainwear, upholstery, drapery, and automotive fabrics, roofing materials, and carpeting. Both natural and synthetic textile fibers can be treated. 

Perhaps the best known application of polytetrafluor-oethylene is in kitchen utensils with non-stick coatings, such as pots, pans, and spatulas. Polytetrafluoroethylene is also used to coat fibers to make them water-repellant and stain-resistant. Water will bead up and roll off the surface of clothing and other materials coated with polytetrafluoroethylene instead of penetrating the fabric and possibly... 

In 2000, 3M stopped the production of PFOA-, and PFOS-related products (C8 fluorocarbons). They developed new C4-based fluorocarbons free of PFOA and PFOS. Scotchgard protector Stain Release PM 490 and PM 492 are fluorochemical urethanes, which exhibit lower repellency but better stain release compared to fluorocarbons. Scotchgard Protector Dual Action repel and release PM900 and PM 930 are C4 fluorocarbon resin solutions, designed to improve the water repellency of textile fabrics and especially the oil repellency. These products also have a release effect. The products are designed for a variety of natural and synthetic fibers, including cotton and microfiber. 

The use of soil release chemicals is beneficial in filtration fabrics and can reduce the problem of soiling in two ways repel the stains and soil by using fluorochemicals or create a surface that aids the removal of soils when cleaning with chemicals based on polyacrylic acid. 

Textiles are made from a very limited list of a dozen or so structural fibers. From these, products must be made with millions of different specific end-use properties. In many cases the inherent properties of the fiber itself and substrate structure do not inherently impart the desired properties of comfort and func-tionahty, for example, water repellent, stain block, soil release, crease resistant, flame refardant, antifungal, rot resistant, stiff, soft, antistatic, stretch, recovery, antiseam slippage, and enhanced tearing strength. Thus, fabrics must be finished either to overcome the inadequacies of design or to fine tune the attributes of fabrics, not only for the end uses noted above but also for facilitating cut-and-sew operations (e.g., needle lubrication, anticurl). 

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