Textile Water Repellents

When used as water repellents, the very marked water-repellent effect of the silicone is utilized. The active silicon agents are oriented by using special catalysts so that the optimum water-repellent effect is obtained. The textiles thus treated retain the ability to breathe in full. 

Compared with other water-repellent agents, the silicones are distinguished by an especially soft handle and very good permanency in effect after washing and cleaning. 

Applications in the textile industry usually involve treatment from the aqueous phase. In special, however, the silicones are applied using organic solvents. 

40% emulsion for aqueous impregnation multi-component system 

WACKER SILICONES WACKER Silicones for Textile Applications (Continued)  

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Uses. Structural material for atomic reactors ingredient of priming and explosive mixtures reducing agents pigment textile water repellent... 

The zirconium salts of organic acids are widely applied in industry. Carboxylatozirconylic acids are used in treating dermatitis and in making textiles water repellent, while zirconium acetate, Zr(OAc)4, and the trilactozirconate Na2H[Zr(0H)(MeC(0H)C02)3] are components of body deodorants, and the 2-ethylhexanoate and naphthenate are used as siccatives. 

Finishes that repel water, oil and dry dirt are important in all parts of the textile market - for clothing, home and technical textiles. Water repellency is achieved using different product groups, but oil repellency is attained only with fluorocarbon polymers. They are modified to have a wide range of properties to fit the different demands of the users and the intended purpose. This is one of the most interesting new developments of chemical finishing. 

VIPLEX SR is a vinyl acetate homopolymer emulsion which is an excellent hand builder for textile water repellent finishes because it has a film of high water resistance. It also forms dilute dispersions in water which are stable to substantial concentrations of electrolytes such as borax, multivalent metallic ions and quaternary compounds which coagulate many types of vinyl acetate emulsion polymers. 

Bersize. [Bercen] Ptqper sizes and textile water repellents. 

Soybean oil may be hydrolyzed into glycerol and fatty acids, or soybean oil soap-stocks (foots) may be acidified to produce fatty acids. Crude soybean fatty acids are used to make adhesive tape, shaving compounds, textile water repellents, carbon paper, and typewriter ribbons. Consumption of fatty acids in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan was 2.3 MMT (2.5 million t) in 2001. These soybean fatty acids can be separated into various fractions by distillation, and are used in candles, crayons, cosmetics, polishes, buffing compounds, and mold lubricants. These fatty acids can be converted to FAME by esterification, alkyl epoxy esters by epoxidation, fatty alcohols by hydrogenation (Kreutzer, 1983 Voeste Buchold, 1983), and dimer and trimer acids by conjugation or amines and amides as shown in Fig. 17.7 (Maag, 1983). 

Pyridine has long been used as a solvent in the production of rubber chemicals, textile water-repellant agents, and in the synthesis of drugs. The derivatives 2-benzylpyridine and 2-aminopyridine are used in the preparation of antihistamines. Another market for pyridine is in the manufacture of the nonpersistent herbicides diquat and paraquat. 

Definition Soluble amorphous inorg. polymer formed by partial neutralization of zirconyl chloride Empirical CIH02Zr Formula Zr(OH)OCI Properties M.w. 159.68 Uses Precipitation of acid dyes textile water repellents pharmaceuticals antiperspirants deodorants... 

Keywords Technical textiles, water repellence, oil repellence, surface roughness, surface chemistry, laser irradiation, photo-grafting... 

Chem. Descrip. Phosphated nonylphenol ethoxylate Uses Film-former in metalworking applies. surfactant for dry cleaning, PVAc emui-sion polymerization, heavy-duty cleaners, textiles (water repellent finishes) Features Reacts readily with alkalinity sources, making it easily incorporated into water-based fluids when exposed to temps, common in metal-forming operations, its f Im-forming props, reduce heat and improve tool life Properties Yel. si. hazy liq. sp.gr. 1.108 vise. 13,200 cp pH 2.16 (10%) 2.8% P Use Level 1-15%... 

Chem. Descrip. Fatty melamine condensate Uses Used to make wax-melamine textile water repellents X78-2 [Lubrizol Advanced Materials]... 

Most commercial aluminum formate is monobasic aluminum diformate because of the difficulties involved in triformate preparation. The main appHcation is in textile waterproofing. Aluminum formate reacts with casein to form a water-soluble complex, which can emulsify paraffin and certain other waxes. Fabrics immersed in these emulsions are rendered water repellent (26—28). 

Water Repellency and Water Resistance. Water repeUency is defined as the abihty of a textile fiber, yam, or fabric to resist wetting, whereas water resistance is a general term appHed to a fabric s abiUty to resist wetting and penetration by water (2). A third term, waterproof, is appHed to those fabrics that do not allow any water penetration at all. Waterproof fabrics are generally coated with an impermeable surface layer that does not allow air permeabihty. Water-repellent finishes are hydrophobic compounds that are appHed to fabrics to inhibit water penetration while still allowing air permeabihty. 

The polymeric acyl titanate esters are viscous Hquids or waxes that are soluble ia hydrocarbon solvents and can be used as Ti02-dispersiag agents, water-repellent agents for textile fabrics, and mst inhibitors for steel. 

The silicones have established their value as water-repellent finishes for a range of natural and synthetic textiles. A number of techniques have been devised which result in the pick-up of 1-3% of silicone resin on the cloth. The polymer may be added as a solution, an emulsion or by spraying a fine mist alternatively, intermediates may be added which either polymerise in situ or attach themselves to the fibre molecules. 

B. Mahltig and H. Bottcher, Modified Silica Sol Coatings for Water-Repellent Textiles, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 2003, 27, 43. 

Many industrial yams have specific surface function requirements. For technical yams the market share for composites or coated fabrics is almost 70%. Furthermore, textile applications also can benefit from a special surface treatment in order to improve the water repellency. Capillary membranes for dialysis, however, have totally different requirements enhanced biocompatibility of the membranes is needed.4-6... 

Melamine resins also are used for the production of decorative laminates. The amino resins are able to modify textiles like cotton and rayon by imparting crease resistance, stiffness, shrinkage control, fire retardance and water repellency. They are also used to improve the wet strength, rub resistance and bursting strength of paper. 

Uses Ingredient in textile softeners and water repellent epoxy resins including allyl methacrylate, diallyl phthalates, and triallyl cyanurate. 

Bis(trifluoromethyl)thioketene reacts with some imines to form 1,3-thiazetidines (78JOC2500). One derivative has been used by Dupont in surface treatment of water-repellent textiles (71USP3592811). 

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