Flow injection analysis evaluation

U.V. Jorgensen, S. Nielsen, E.H. Hansen, Dilution methods in flow injection analysis, evaluation of different approaches as exemplified for the determination of nitrosyl in concentrated sulphuric acid, Anal. Lett. 31 (1998) 2181. 

M. Bos and E. Moogendam, Wavelet transform for the evaluation of peak intensities in flow-injection analysis. Anal. Chim. Acta, 267 (1992) 73-80. 

P.C. Thijssen, L.T.M. Prop, G. Kateman and H.C. Smit, A Kalman filter for calibration, evaluation of unknown samples and quality control in drifting systems. Part 4. Flow Injection Analysis. Anal. Chim. Acta, 174 (1985) 27-40. 

Since the evaluation of the first PTC calcium ISE in 1970, hundreds of other viable PTC models have been employed for diverse analytical purposes. Pd tentianetrie sensing has also gained in popularity by the introduction of flow injection analysis (FIA) techniques and advances in electronics. 

Flow-injection analysis is a versatile technique to evaluate the performance of a detector system. CHEMFETs may have an advantage over ISEs because of their small size and fast response times. We have tested our K+-sensitive CHEMFETs in a wall-jet cell with a platinum (pseudo-)reference electrode. One CHEMFET was contineously exposed to 0.1 M NaCl and the other to a carrier stream of 0.1 M NaCl in which various KC1 concentrations in 0.1 M NaCl were injected. The linear response of 56 mV per decade was observed for concentrations of KC1 above 5 x 10"5 M (Figure 9). When we used this FIA cell (Figure 10) for determination of K+ activities in human serum and urine samples, excellent correlations between our results and activities determined by flame photometry were obtained (Figure 11). 

A multisyringe spectroscopic flow injection analysis (FIA) system was proposed for evaluating the antioxidant capacity of solutions, as a function of the solvent and the pH. The method is based on UVD at 517 nm of the scavenging capacity of the test solution in the presence of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (14) during 3 min after stopping the flow. The method was validated for ascorbic acid and a series of phenolic antioxidants. ... 

The need for an automated and reliable system for formaldehyde determination is now clearly recognized. In response to this need, an automated and microprocessor-controlled flow injection analysis (FIA) system was developed in our laboratory. This system is based on the use of the modified pararosaniline colorimetric method (j6). The simplicity, versatility, good precision, high sampling rate, complete automation and relatively low cost of the system make it attractive for the analysis of large numbers of formaldehyde samples. In this chapter, sufficient background in the principle of FIA will be presented to allow the readers to evaluate the technique and its potential application to the routine analysis of formaldehyde will be explored. 

In this study, therefore, flow injection analysis-chemiluminescence (FIA-CL) methods to evaluate quenching effects of functional foods against ROS such as singlet oxygen ( 02) and hydroxyl radicals (OH) were developed. The applicabilities of these methods were confirmed by evaluating quenching effects of grape seed extracts and their isolated polyphenols. 

As regards identification purposes, the use of exhaustive libraries in GC/MS became a routine operation in most laboratories. In contrast, these libraries are still scarce in LC-MS applications, mainly because ESI-MS and APCI-MS spectra are strongly influenced by the instrument settings, the EC conditions, and the sample type. Therefore, much more effort should be paid to define identification and confirmation criteria for herbicide analysis by these ionization techniques. In this way, a confirmation criterion was successfully evaluated on triazines by Flow Injection Analysis... 

E. B. Schalscha, T. Schirado, and I. Vergara, Flow Injection Analysis of Nitrate in Soil Extracts—Evaluation of a Nitrate-Selective Flow Electrode Method. J. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer., 45 (1981) 446. 

F. Cui, E. H. Hansen, and J. Rdiidka, Evaluation of Critical Parameters for Measurement of pH by Flow Injection Analysis. Determination of pH in Soil Extracts. Anal. Chim. Acta, 169 (1985) 209. 

T. Korenaga, T. Moriwake, and T. Takahashi, Evaluation of Three Flow Injection Analysis Methods for the Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand. Mem. Sch. Eng., Okayama Univ., 19 (1984) 53. 

K. E. LaFreniere, Evaluation of a Direct Injection Nebulizer Interface for Flow Injection Analysis and High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopic Detection. Diss. Abstr. Int. B, 47(4) (1986) 1519. 

Schmidt. P.F. (1984). Localization of trace elements with the laser microprobe mass analyzer (LAMMA), Trace Elements in Medicine, 1,13-20 Sherwood. R.A., Rocks, B.F., and Riley, C. (1984). The use of flow-injection analysis (FIA) with atomic absorption detection for the determination of clinically relevant elements. Paper presented at 2nd BNAAS Symposium, Leeds, July 1984 Triebig, G., and Schaller, K.H. (1984). Copper, in Alessio, L, Berlin, A., Boni, M., Roi, R., Biological indicators for the assessment of human exposure to industrial chemicals, p. 57-62, EUR 8903 EN, Commission of the European Communities Van der Vyner, F.L, Verbreuken, A.H., Van Grieken, R.E., and DeBroe, M.E. (1985) Laser microprobe mass analysis A tool for evaluating histochemical staining of trace elements, Clin. Chem., 31. 351... 

Ideally the output of a loop Injector used In liquid chromatography or flow Injection analysis would be a sharp concentration pulse. However, this Is unlikely to be the case because of various dispersive forces which act on the concentration plug. Convective flow under laminar conditions In a circular tube, such as the outlet tube of a loop Injector, tends to be much slower near the walls of the tube than In the center and this will distort the Initial shape of the Injected materials (8,9). In addition, radial and axial diffusion of material In the tube can alter its initial shape. The degree of dispersion can be evaluated (9) by the Peclet nusd>er (P,) and the reduced time (r). These values are defined as... 

In this study two different flow-injection immunoassays are presented as well as the flexible automation system CAFCA (Computer Assisted Flow Control Analysis), which has been used for their control, uptake measurement, evaluation and visualization. Both immunoassays (a heterogeneous and a homogeneous assay) are based on the principles of flow-injection analysis and were developed for reliable, fast monitoring of relevant proteins in animal cell cultivation processes. Off-line applications of measurements of medium samples as well as online application during a mammalian cell cultivation are presented. All results are compared to results obtained with ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbend Assay). The requirements of the automation of flow-injection immunoassays with respect to their flexible control are discussed. 

C. Campmajo, M. Poch, J. Robuste, F. Valero, and J. Lafuente, Analusis, 20, 127 (1992). Evaluation of Artificial Neural Networks for Modeling Enzymatic Glucose Determination by Flow Injection Analysis. 

Systems with forced liquid-flow With regard to the wide extension of flow injection analysis (FIA) voltammetry theories in these systems have been vigorously elaborated. A series of papers devoted to the theory of chemical kinetic measurements at the wall-jet electrodes (WJE) (cf. paragraph 8.2.2 in chapter 2 of this volume, has recently been published by the Oxford group [69, 70-72]. The working curve for the normalized half-wave potential enables the chemical rate constant in the ErevCirr mechanism [70] to be evaluated. For the same purpose the dependence of an effective number of electrons involved in the catalytic EQat mechanism has been published in [71]. A comparison of WJE and RDE [69] shows the difference in accessibility between both electrode... 

Cabal, J., J. Bajgar, and J. Kassa, 2010. Evaluation of flow injection analysis for determination of cholinesterase activities in biological material. Chem.-Biol. Interact. 187 225-228. 

Wada, M., M. Kira, H. Kido, R. Ikeda, N. Kuroda, T. Nishigaki, and K. Nakashima. 2011. Semi-micro flow injection analysis method for evaluation of quenching effect of health foods or food additive antioxidants on peroxynitrite. Luminescence 26 191-195. 

Ivekovic, D., S. MilardoviC, M. Roboz et al. 2005. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity by flow injection analysis method with electrochemically generated ABTS radical cation. Analyst 130 708-714. 

Evmiridis, N.P. Papamichael, E.M. (1991). Investigation of the error structure of the calibration curve for periodate determination by flow-injection analysis and chemiluminescence detection. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Systems,Vol. 12, p>p. 39-47 Fersht, A. (1999) Structure and Mechanism in Protein Science A Guide to Enzyme Catalysis and Protein Folding, (1st edition),W.H. Freeman, ISBN-10 0-7167-3268-8, New York] Fletcher, R. (1%5). Function minimization without evaluating derivatives - a review. Computer Journal, VoL.8, pp. 33 1... 

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