Liquid forces

An acid egg, or blowcase, consists of an egg-shaped container which can be filled with a charge of liquid that is to be pumped. This container is fitted with an inlet pipe for the charge, an outlet pipe for the discharge, and a pipe for the admission of compressed air or gas, as illustrated in Fig. 10-58. Pressure of air or gas on the surface of the liquid forces it out of the discharge pipe. Such pumps can be hand-operated or arranged for semiautomatic or automatic operation. 

Head = H Liquid force measured in feet of elevation. H can be converted into pounds per square inch (psi). This is di.scussed in Chapter 2. 

Wang BX, Peng XF (1994) Experimental investigation of liquid forced-convection heat transfer through micro-channels. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 37 73-82 Wasekar VM, Manglik RM (2002) The influence of additive molecular weight and ionic nature on the pool boiling performance of aqueous surfactant solutions. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 45 483-493... 

An increase in the heat flux is accompanied by an increase in the liquid and vapor velocities, the meniscus displacement towards the outlet cross-section, as well as growth of vapor to liquid forces ratio and heat losses. When is large enough, the... 

Note Before the centrifuge test was developed by Dr W.O. Snelling, the Bur of Mines used the pressure test for exudation, which consisted in exposing a sample of explosive to a definite pressure produced by the weight of a lever arm, and determining the amt of liquid forced out of the expl. Many modifications of this test have been tried, in which absorbent materials like cotton or blotting paper have been used to hold the exudant, but none of them made the test reliable (Ref 1, p9)... 

Its initial entrance into the block forces out a small portion of the remaining w later, however, it combines with the residual w and produces a block of Pyrocellulose nearly free of w. The first portion of liquid forced out of the press contains relatively large amts of w and is transferred to the spent alcohol tank. The remaining liquid, however, is ca 90% alcohol. 

As pressure is increased above the bubble point pressure, pores of decreasing size have the liquid forced out, and this allows additional bulk flow of the test gas. By measuring and comparing the bulk gas flow rates of both a wetted and a dry filter medium at the same pressure, the percentage of the bulk gas... 

When a liquid is forced through a channel or over a surface maintained at a temperature greater than the saturation temperature of the liquid, forced-convection boiling may result. For forced-convection boiling in smooth tubes Rohsenow and Griffith [6] recommended that the forced-convection effect be computed with the Dittus-Boelter relation of Chap. 6 [Eq. (6-4)] and that this effect be added to the boiling heat flux computed from Eq. (9-33). Thus... 

The liquid was first heated to a known temperature, then the tap was opened and the liquid forced by compressed air into the calorimeter. A platinum bellows type of calorimeter for corrosive liquids was described by Williams and Sivetz.4 Luginine enclosed the liquid in a platinum bulb which was heated in a vapour bath and then dropped into the calorimeter. 

Wang, B.X. and Peng, X.F., Experimental Investigation of Liquid Forced-Convection Heat Transfer Through Microchannels, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 1994, 37, Suppl. 1,... 

Liquid Forces Lead to Surface Wetting and Capillary Action... 

Keywords Ionic liquids Force-field Molecular simulation Nanosegregation Solubility... 

Number of researchers reports the liquid forced convection inside narrow channels is a most valuable form of heat removal from heat sinks [13-16]. However, the respective key issues are the maximum attainable heat flux by using liquid forced convection, and its value in comparison with the preeminent alternatives of boiling critical heat fluxes. We believe that maximum heat flux could be accomplished by using the inverted meniscus principle of evaporation coupled with excluding of vapor... 

As with surface tension, capillary condensation is associated with forces that bind like molecules in a liquid—forces commonly known as van der Waals. As has been long recognized, these attractive forces can also often cause molecules of different species to unite e.g., salt dissolved in water, chloroform adsorbed on a carbon surface. 

Permeation (4) Gas or liquid Forced flow through semipermeable membrane Membrane Dehydration of Isopropanol, Vol. 9, p. 284... 

Due to density gradients in the liquid a flow field is established. The resulting counter-clockwise movement of the liquid forces an advective transport of heat energy, which can be seen in the temperature field depicted in Fig. 2. The resulting displacement field is shown in Fig. 3. 

In Chapter 3, you read that a liquid can take the shape of its container but its volume is fixed. In other words, the particles can flow to adjust to the shape of a container, but the liquid carmot expand to fill its container, as shown in Figure 12.12. According to the kinetic-molecular theory, individual particles do not have fixed positions in the liquid. Forces of attraction between particles in the liquid limit their range of motion so that the particles remain closely packed in a fixed volume. 

Forced circulation of internal liquid, forced heat exchanging to external air. 

Naturally circulated internal liquid, forced heat exchanging to external air. Naturally circulated internal liquid, natural heat exchanging to external air. 

Multilayered inhibited films with Cl desorption on one of the sides can be produced by a process illustrated in Fig. 2.5e, in which the liquid forced into the hose cavity is a film-forming inhibiting composition. To manufacture adhesive Aims on a polyolefine base, a film-forming composition has been developed that contains 2-10 wt% of mineral oil, 4-12 wt% of oil-soluble Cl, 3-10 wt% of rubber, 3-10 wt% of rosin, 5-16 wt% of tall pitch in an organic solvent. The composition is brought into contact with the extruded hose at a temperature of T = (0.6-0.9) Tm of polyolefine. As a result, an adhesive coating is formed on the hose surface, which is the source of Cl and shows high adhesion to metals (about lON/cm ) and to the base Aim [80]. 

Youngs, T.G.A., Hardacre, C. Application of static charge transfer within an ionic-liquid force field and its effect on stmcture and dynamics. ChemPhysChem 9, 1548-1558 (2008)... 

As Cassie showed, the essential point is, that there is an entropy of mixing between the sorbate-nolecules bound at the specific sites and the other loosely bound ones. This gives rise to an "affinity or the latter (cf. page 515). It will be evident that this case is not confined to 2-dimensional sorption mt equally applies to 3-dimensional sorption, and solves the apparant contradiction that sorbate nolecules bound by ordinary liquid-liquid forces are in equilibrium with a vapour of vapour pressure ower than Po. 

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