Flame ionization gas-liquid chromatography

Quantitative Determination of Med-azepam. Diazepam, and Nitrazepam in Whole Blood by Flame-Ionization Gas-Liquid Chromatography Clin. Chem. 20(2) 141-147 (1974) ... 

Determination of Valproic Acid by Flame-Ionization Gas-Liquid Chromatography... 

Epichlorhydrin (ECH) detection starts with detecting epoxide cycle using hydrochloric acid in combination with sodium chloride the reaction product - 1,3-dichlorhydrin - is extracted in diethyl ether and concentrated by removing the latter. Gas-liquid chromatography with a flame-ionization detector is used to detect glycerin 1,3-dichlorhydrin. The sensitivity of the method is 0.01 mg/dm. ... 

The purity of 1 and 2 is assessed by analytical gas-liquid chromatography (GC) on a Hewlett-Packard 5890 gas chromatograph equipped with a flame-ionization detector and fitted with a 50 m x 0.2 mm HP-5 fused silica glass capillary column using linear temperature programming from an initial temperature of 150°C for 5 min to a final temperature of 200°C for 10 min at a rate of 5°C/min. 

Hewlett-Packard Model 6890 equipped with a nitrogen-phosphorus flame ionization detector Capillary column for gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), DB-1, 0.53-mm i.d. x 15 m, l-pm film thickness (J W Scientific)... 

The extracted fractions were esterified with either BF3-MeOH reagent or diazomethane and analyzed by GLC. Gas liquid chromatography (GLC) was conducted with a Perkin-Elmer Sigma 3 equipped with flame ionization detector. Separations were obtained on a Hewlett Packard 12 m x 0.2 mm i.d. capillary column coated with methyl silicon fluid (OV-101). The temperature was maintained at 80°C for 2 min then programmed from 80 to 220°C at 8°C/min. The injector temperature was 250°C. Mass spectra were obtained on a Hewlett Packard model 5995 GC-MS mass spectrometer, equipped with a 15 m fused silica capillary column coated with 5% phenyl methyl silicone fluid. Spectra were obtained for major peaks in the sample and compared with a library of spectra of authentic compounds. 

Sadana and Gaonkar have simultaneously determined diloxanide furoate and tinidazole in pharmaceutical dosage form by gas liquid chromatography [37]. Powdered tablets or suspension formulations were dissolved in chloroform, the solution filtered, and then diluted to 25 mL with chloroform. The solution also contained metronidazole as an internal standard. A 600 nL aliquot was analyzed on a stainless steel column (1 m X 3.2 mm) containing 3% of OV-17 on Chlorosorb W-UP (100-120 mesh). The GC system was operated at 200°C, using nitrogen as the carrier gas (45 mL/min). Flame ionization detection was used to observe the analytes. 

Meineke, L, Desel, H., Kahl, R., Kahl, GF Gundert-Remy, U. (1998) Determination of 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (2 HPPA) in urine after oral and parenteral administration of coumarin by gas-liquid chromatography with flame-ionization detection. J. Pharm. biomed. Anal, 17, 487-492... 

Conversion to acetates, trifluoroacetates (178), butyl boronates (179) trimethylsilyl derivatives, or cyclic acetals offers a means both for identifying individual compounds and for separating mixtures of polyols, chiefly by gas—liquid chromatography (glc). Thus, sorbitol in bakery products is converted to the hexaacetate, separated, and determined by glc using a flame ionization detector (180) aqueous solutions of sorbitol and mannitol are similady separated and determined (181). Sorbitol may be identified by formation of its monobenzyhdene derivative (182) and mannitol by conversion to its hexaacetate (183). 

The most effective way to analyze quantitatively the composition of the purified methyl esters is by gas-liquid chromatography, using a flame ionization detector. As an alternative, a combination of gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry can provide a wealth of information on composition and structure. The mass of material required for this type of separation depends in part on the size and type of chromatography column and the type of mass spectrometer. Amounts of material as low as 5 xg can be analyzed by this combined technique. 

The flavor impression of a food is influenced by compounds that affect both taste and odor. The analysis and identification of many volatile flavor compounds in a large variety of food products have been assisted by the development of powerful analytical techniques. Gas-liquid chromatography was widely used in the early 1950s when commercial instruments became available. Introduction of the flame ionization detector increased sensitivity by a factor of 100 and, together with mass spectrometers, gave a method for rapid identification of many components in complex mixtures. These methods have been described by Teranishi et al. (1971). As a result, a great deal of information on volatile flavor components has been obtained in recent years for a variety of food products. The combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry can provide identification and quantitation of flavor compounds. However, when the flavor consists of many compounds, sometimes several hun-... 

Fatty acids are usually measured as their methylesters by gas liquid chromatography on packed, capillary or surface-coated open tubular (SCOT), columns with flame ionization detection (Christie, 1982a). HPLC can also be used to separate fatty acid esters with measurement by UV-absorption or fluorescence detection (Christie, 1987). 

The sample is dissolved in methanol/tetrahydrofuran (50 50, v/v) containing di-cyclohexyl phthalate as internal standard. Separation is carried out by gas-liquid chromatography with a flame ionization detector on a column of Chromosorb W-HP (or equivalent) coated with silicon AN-600. Etofenprox is determined by comparison with calibration solutions. 

Gas-liquid chromatography Capillary GLC analysis of bile sterols and bile acid methyl esters (as their trimethylsilyl derivatives) was performed on Hewlett-Packard model No. 4890 (equipped with a flame ionization detector) and a split column injector using a CP sil 5 (CB) WCOT capillary colunm (25 m x 0.22 mm with 0.13-mm Him thickness). Helium was used as a carrier gas at a flow rate of 20.2 mL/min (135 kPa). 

Gas-liquid chromatography is a well established and widely used method for the analysis of individual bile acids. In addition to its sensitivity, this technique has the advantage of simultaneous separation of complex bile acid mixtures and their quantification, usually by flame ionization detection. When combined with mass spectrometry, unequivocal identification of unknown bile acids can be achieved. Thus, this method is regarded as the reference method against which other methods are compared. However, GLC is laborious and time consuming and needs considerable expertise on the part of technical staff for good results. 

Analysis. Heavy Products. High molecular weight hydrocarbons were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. A known volume of undecane was added to the irradiated sample as internal standard. The stationary phase was silicone oil on Chromosorb W. The column was 1.50 meters long its diameter was 3 mm. A flame ionization detector was used. 

Chromatography Equipment and Conditions. Gas-liquid chromatography was performed with a Bendix 2600 instrument (flame ionization detectors) injector temperature was 250°C and detector temperature was 270 C, with helium carrier gas at... 

All melting points were determined on a Kofler micro-melting point apparatus and were uncorrected. Optical rotation were measured with WZZ polarimeter at room temperature. IR spectra were recorded with 5DX-FI spectrometer, and NMR spectra with Unity-400 spectrometer. The FAB- and EI-MS were determined on a VG-7070E spectrometer. Gas liquid chromatography (GLC) was run a Shimaz GC-6A unit equipped with a flame ionization detector (FLD). Experimental conditions for sugar TMS ether column, 5% SE-52 on chromosorb W, 3mmX2m column temp. 179°C injection temp. 200 C carrier gas(N )... 

Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) was used to determine the fatty acid profiles. The gas chromatograph was an HP5890 Series II (Hewlett-Packard, Avondale, PA) equipped with a DB-225 fused-silica capillary column 30 m x 0.25 mm i.d. (J W Scientific, Folsom, CA), flame-ionization detector, and operated in a splitless mode. The injector and detector temperatures were 250 and 260°C, respectively. The column temperature was held at 130°C for 3 min and programmed to 215 C for 10 min at a rate of 20°C/min. The carrier gas was helium and the total gas flow rate was 23 mL/min. The relative concentration of fatty add methyl esters (mol%) was calculated by computer with 17 0 as the internal standard. 

Chauhan J, Darbre A, and Carlyle R. F (1982) Determination of urinary amino acids by means of glass capillary gas-liquid chromatography with alkali-flame ionization detection and flame lonizaton detection / Chromatogr 227, 305-321... 

Analysis of the fatty acid profile of the extracted fat is now almost exclusively carried out using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). Standard methodology for this technique is detailed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (lUPAC). It involves the saponification of the extracted fat to break down glycerides, with the liberated fatty acids being esterified in the presence of methanol and boron trifluoride. Fatty acid methyl esters are then extracted with heptane and analyzed using GLC with flame ionization detection. 

Measurement of Phenylethylamine, Phenylethanolamine and Their N-Methyl Homologs in Plasma by Gas-Liquid Chromatography with Flame-Ionization Detection Anal. Lett. 12(B4) 313-324 (1979) CA 91 32569n... 

Measurement of Arachidonic Acid in the Plasma by Gas-Liquid Chromatography-Flame Ionization Using Dibromo-Y-linolenic Acid as an Internal Standard... 

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