Fisher effect

Short-range order interaction [40] (sometimes called configurational interaction or Fisher effect) can also occur. If, for example, the binding energy... 

S Williams, J L Tipper, T D Stewart, E Ingham, M H Stone, J Fisher, Effect of swing phase microseparation on the wear and biological activity of metal on metal total hip replacements . Proceedings of Institute of Materials Biomaterials Day, April 2002, London UK. 

While Eq. III-18 has been verified for small droplets, attempts to do so for liquids in capillaries (where Rm is negative and there should be a pressure reduction) have led to startling discrepancies. Potential problems include the presence of impurities leached from the capillary walls and allowance for the film of adsorbed vapor that should be present (see Chapter X). There is room for another real effect arising from structural peiturbations in the liquid induced by the vicinity of the solid capillary wall (see Chapter VI). Fisher and Israelachvili [19] review much of the literature on the verification of the Kelvin equation and report confirmatory measurements for liquid bridges between crossed mica cylinders. The situation is similar to that of the meniscus in a capillary since Rm is negative some of their results are shown in Fig. III-3. Studies in capillaries have been reviewed by Melrose [20] who concludes that the Kelvin equation is obeyed for radii at least down to 1 fim. 

This effect assumes importance only at very small radii, but it has some applications in the treatment of nucleation theory where the excess surface energy of small clusters is involved (see Section IX-2). An intrinsic difficulty with equations such as 111-20 is that the treatment, if not modelistic and hence partly empirical, assumes a continuous medium, yet the effect does not become important until curvature comparable to molecular dimensions is reached. Fisher and Israelachvili [24] measured the force due to the Laplace pressure for a pendular ring of liquid between crossed mica cylinders and concluded that for several organic liquids the effective surface tension remained unchanged... 

In a study by Stresser and co-workers, the effect on tumor modulation by 227 has been investigated. HPLC on liver extracts from Fisher 344 rats revealed two major compounds, 3,3 -bisindolylmefliane (133) and a linear trimer, together with a < l(KX)-fold lower content of 4 in comparison with the two major substances. The HPLC isolate was derivatized with /V-methyl-/V-bis(trifluoroacetamide) that, upon MS detection, gave a compound identical to /V,W -ditrifluoroacetylindolo-[3,2-()]carbazole. The content of 4 in this system was estimated to be 0.(XKX)13% of the total dose of 227 given. Thus, it was concluded that the beneficial effect of oral distribution of 227 is due to the total content of derivatives formed (95MI5). 

A further synthesis of carvestrene has been effected by Perkin and Fisher.i... 

Refs 1) Anon, Nitrasol - A New Family of Solid Propellants , NOTS 2059 (15 July 1958) 2) E.M. Fisher J.F. Pittman, Air Blast Effectiveness of Nitrasol as a High Explosive , NAVDRD 6891 (23 July 1960) 3) R.W. 

Reagents. Perylene was obtained from Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, Missouri). All other PAHs were supplied by Aldrich Chemical Company (Milwaukee, Wisconsin) and were reported to contain less that 3% impurities. All PAHs were used without further purification. Isopropyl ether (99%) for extraction work was also purchased from Aldrich. Hydroquinone, a fluorescent stabilizer present in the ether, was removed prior to solution preparation by rotary evaporation. Fluorometric-grade 1-butanol was supplied by Fisher Scientific Company (Fair Lawn, New Jersey). All solutions for extractions of PAHs were prepared by evaporating portions of a stock cyclohexane solution and diluting to the appropriate volume with isopropyl ether. Fluorescence measurements were performed on 1 10 dilutions of the stock and final organic phase solutions. The effect of dissolved CDx on the fluorescence intensity of the organic phase PAH was minimized by dilution with isopropyl ether. 

Easterbrock P, Beck EJ, Fisher M et al (1998) The use and cost of HIV service provision in England in 1996 Pharmacoeconomics 14 639-652 Edejer TT et al (2003) WHO guide to cost-effectiveness analysis, WHO, Geneva Farnham PG, Gorsky RD (1994) Costs to business for an HIV-infected worker. Inquiry 31 76-88 Flori YA, le VaUlant M (2004) Use and cost of antiretrovirals in France 1995-2000 an analysis based on the medical dossier on human immunodeficiency (release 2) database, Pharmacoeconomics 22 1061-1070... 

Onal MZ, Li F, Tatbsumak T, Locke KW, Sandage Jr, BW, Fisher M. Synergistic effects of citicobne and mk-801 in temporary experimental focal ischemia in rats. Stroke 1997 28 1060-1065. 

The mechanism of action for liver toxicity and carcinogenicity may involve the formation of reactive products (Bonse and Henschler 1976 Bonse et al. 1975 Fisher et al. 1991 Larson and Bull 1992b). Methods for reducing the destructive damage caused by these intermediates, or for blocking their formation through inhibition of metabolic pathways may prove effective in reducing hepatic toxicity but are not currently available for clinical use. 

ATANASSOVA N, MCKINNELL C, TURNER K J, WALKER M, FISHER J S, MORLEY M, MILLAR M R, GROOME N p, SHARPE R M (2000) Comparative effects of neonatal exposure of male rats to potent and weak (environmental) estrogens on spermatogenesis at puberty and the relationship to adult testis size and fertility evidence for stimulatory effects of low estrogen lew eh,. Endocrinology. 141 3898-907. 

Pastes of calcium hydroxide with water have been used as pulp-capping materials for many years and it is the material of choice for this application (Granath, 1982). Its favourable tissue responses have been known for many years (Zander, 1939). It has a healing effect, for it induces the formation of hard tissues of reparative dentine when pulp has been exposed (Eidelman, Finn Koulourides, 1965). This action seems to be associated with its high alkalinity (pH 12-5) and consequent bactericidal and proteinlysing effect (Fisher, 1977). 

Fisher (1977) found that the bactericidal effects varied from brand to brand and Fisher McCabe (1978) related this to chemical composition. Only cements which give rise to high alkalinity (pH = 11) are effective. These are the cements which are readily decomposed by water, and this relates to the plasticizer used. Hydrophilic plasticizers are required if these cements are to be clinically effective. 

Fisher, F. J. (1977). The effect of three proprietary lining materials on microorganisms in carious dentine. An in vivo investigation. British Dental Journal, 143, 231-5. 

Albee, W.E., Jacobs, J., Phillips, M., Fisher, L., Panetta, J.A. and Gidda, J.S. (1992). The healing and protective effects of LY213829 in a model of formalin-immune mediated rabbit colitis. Gastroenterology 102, A589. 

Post, R.M. Weiss, S.R.B. Pert, A. and Uhde, T.W. Chronic cocaine administration Sensitization and kindling effects. In Fisher, Raskin, Uhlenhuth, eds. Cocaine Clinical and Behavioral Aspects. Oxford Oxford University Press, 1987. pp. 109-173. 

Hutchins DA, Stupakoff I, Fisher NS. 1996a. Temperature effects on accumulation and retention of radionuclides in the sea star, Asterias forbesi Implications for contaminated northern waters. Mar Biol 125 701-706. 

The shell-side leakage and bypass streams (see Section 12.9) will affect the mean temperature difference, but are not normally taken into account when estimating the correction factor Ft. Fisher and Parker (1969) give curves which show the effect of leakage on the correction factor for a 1 shell pass 2 tube pass exchanger. 

I. Gauntlett, D. Fisher, R. Hertzka, E. Kuhls, M. Spellman, and C. Rudolph, Pharmacokinetics of fen-tanyl in neonatal humans and lambs Effects of age, Anesthesiology, 69, 683 (1988). 

Sass RL, Fisher FM, Harcombe PA, Turner FT. Mitigation of methane emissions from rice fields Possible adverse effects of incorporated rice straw. Global Biogeochem. Cyc. 1991 5 275-287. 

ANOVA was developed by Fisher [1925,1935] as a statistical procedure that investigates influences (effects) of factors on a target quantity y according to a linear model which holds in the simplest case... 

Fisher, M. E. Barber, M. N., Scaling theory for finite-size effects in the critical region, Phys. Rev. Lett. 1972, 28, 1516-1519... 

Thermo Fisher). The small cross-bridge, built from a benzoic acid group, provides crosslinking ability at short intermolecular distances. Reaction of one protein via the NHS ester end of the crosslinker provides a stable derivative that can be incubated with a target molecule and then photolyzed to effect the final conjugation (Figure 5.20). 

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