Total content

Tap water has been analyzed by the method proposed. Total content of chlorine and chloramines in water makes up. 0.12 0.02 mg/L which is less than maximum contaminant level. Standai d deviation does not exceed 0.15. 

It was noted that the content of functional groups on the surface of studied A1,03 was 0,92-10 mol/g of acid character for (I), FOS-IO mol/g of basic character for (II). The total content of the groups of both types was 1,70-lO mol/g for (III). The absence of appreciable point deviations from a flat area of titration curves in all cases proves simultaneously charges neutralization character on the same adsoi ption centers and non-depending on their density. The isoelectric points of oxide surfaces have been detenuined from titration curves and have been confirmed by drift method. 

The analytical control of the total contents of the alkaloids of nai cotic material of the vegetable origin carried out by the extraction-photometric, some types of chromatographic methods. They are very long, complex, difficult and expensive require using of toxic and high-priced reagents. 

Therefore the basic task of scientific work is development of sensitive, selective and simple methods of quantitative definition of the total contents of the alkaloids in the expert-criminal objects with the help of electrochemical methods of the analysis. 

In a study by Stresser and co-workers, the effect on tumor modulation by 227 has been investigated. HPLC on liver extracts from Fisher 344 rats revealed two major compounds, 3,3 -bisindolylmefliane (133) and a linear trimer, together with a < l(KX)-fold lower content of 4 in comparison with the two major substances. The HPLC isolate was derivatized with /V-methyl-/V-bis(trifluoroacetamide) that, upon MS detection, gave a compound identical to /V,W -ditrifluoroacetylindolo-[3,2-()]carbazole. The content of 4 in this system was estimated to be 0.(XKX)13% of the total dose of 227 given. Thus, it was concluded that the beneficial effect of oral distribution of 227 is due to the total content of derivatives formed (95MI5). 

Variations in the reaction temperature and in the proportions of the ketone and PCI5 were appreciably reflected in the ratio of the amounts of compound 9 obtained in the first stage to the total content of 7 and 8 and then proportionally in the composition of the final products. In the interaction of the ketones with PCI5, an excess of the latter and high temperature make the anomalous reactions more significant. 4-(l,2-Dichlorovinyl)-3,5-dimethyl-l//-pyrazole (9) was obtained individually by the action of more than a twofold excess of PCI5 on the acetylpyrazole 6 at 80°C in 50% yield. Under the influence of NaNHa in liquid NH3, dichloroethy-lene 9 was converted into chloroacetylene 10 by loss of a molecule of HCl (yield 77%) (Scheme 28). 

In a reactor put 80 kg of polyphosphoric acid having the foliowing composition HsP30io 60% (HPOaie 10% H4P2O7 16% (HP03)x 10% total content in P2OS about 83% this is heated to about 160°C. 

Luciferase in eggs. The eggs of P. periphylla are extremely rich with the insoluble form of luciferase, which drastically decreases upon fertilization. In the eggs, the particles containing aggregated luciferase are in the cortical layer (Flood et al., 1996). The total content of... 

The data on the determination of the number of the propagation centers on chromium oxide catalysts by the inhibition method were given in several papers water (61), carbon tetrachloride (167), and diethylamine (69) were used as inhibitors. It was found that the number of propagation centers is about 10% (61), 1% (167), and 20% (69) of the total content of chromium in the catalyst. 

Liquid is heated in a vessel by means of steam which is supplied to an internal coil in the vessel. When the vessel contains 1000 kg of liquid it takes half an hour to heat the contents from 293 to 368 K if the coil is supplied with steam at 373 K. The process is modified so that liquid at 293 K is continuously fed to the vessel at the rate of 0.28 kg/s. The total contents of the vessel are always being maintained at 1000 kg. What is the equilibrium temperature which the contents of the vessel will reach, if heat losses to the surroundings are neglected and the overall heat transfer coefficient remains constant ... 

Although the total content of carbohydrate fractions of the three components is similar, as reported by Williams et al., 1990, it was found that protein-rich fractions have a significantly lower glucuronic acid content. Circular dichroism studies conducted on different GA fractions showed that only the AGP and GP components have a secondary structure (Renard et al., 2006). The AGP fraction was isolated by gel filtration chromatography and subjected to deglycosylation with hydrofluoric acid (HF) to separate the protein (Qi et al., 1991). About 400 amino acids were contained by the AGP protein fraction ( 33% are... 

The influence of enzyme maceration using pectinolytic enzyme preparations (Pectofruit and Pectofruit Press) on anthocyanin extraction at 43°C from two variants of black currant berries was studied. Enzymes accelerated the extraction yield the yield of anthocyanin extraction was similar for both enzymes and the duration did not influence the total content of released pigments. 

All the analytical methods mentioned to separate, identify, and quantify chlorophylls and derivatives consume time, money, and samples. As alternatives, industries have been employing non-destructive methods for surface color measurements that are not only indirectly related to chlorophyll content, but may also estimate the pigments directly in tissues, leaving the sample intact and enabling serial analyses in a relatively short time. Eood color affects consumer acceptance and is an important criterion for quality control. Color vision is a complex phenomenon that depends on both the total content and number of pigments and also on absorption, reflectance and emission spectra of each compound present. 

This compound and its related acidic form, A8-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (A8-THCA, 2.13) are structural isomers of A9-THC. Although it is the thermodynamically stable form of THC, A8-THC (2.14) contributes approximately only 1% to the total content of THC in C. sativa. In the synthetic production process, A8-THC is formed in significantly higher quantities than in plants. 

The total content of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb was determined in contaminated soils and sediments using the slurry technique and Zeeman GF-AAS, either by calibration with aqueous solutions of the analytes or slurries of some suitable CRMs. Except for Cr, where only the calibration with a solid CRM was successful, good agreement was found between both calibration approaches (Klemm and Baumbach 1995)-... 

Two residue analytical methods have been developed for acetamiprid one method determines the parent acetamiprid only and the other determines by GC the total content of acetamiprid and its degradation products. A similar method is also used for nitenpyram. ... 

As to the analysis of trace elements in paper, cardboard and raw materials for the production of paper, high concentration elements such as Cu, Fe or Ti can easily be determined by FAAS Cd and Pb are frequently analysed by GFAAS. Cadmium in pulp and paper was determined by AAS after pressurised digestion with nitric acid [145]. An interlaboratory comparison of Cd in wrapping paper was reported, mainly based on pressure digestion in FIFE bombs with sub-boiled nitric acid, followed by ETAAS [59]. For wrapping paper used for foodstuffs, next to the total content of toxic heavy metals, the soluble or leachable fraction is of particular interest. 

Since the concentrations of the various compounds or oxidation states in which trace elements can occur are always lower than the total content of the analyte, speciation analysis is normally an ultratrace determination in the ng L-1 range for solutions and the ng g 1 range for... 

Carbon dioxide chemisorptions were carried out on a pulse-flow microreactor system with on-line gas chromatography using a thermal conductivity detector. The catalyst (0.4 g) was heated in flowing helium (40 cm3min ) to 723 K at 10 Kmin"1. The samples were held at this temperature for 2 hours before being cooled to room temperature and maintained in a helium flow. Pulses of gas (—1.53 x 10"5 moles) were introduced to the carrier gas from the sample loop. After passage through the catalyst bed the total contents of the pulse were analysed by GC and mass spectroscopy (ESS MS). 

The total content of Lead and PBDEs in the TVs has been calculated. In the case of Lead, Fig. 6 presents the distribution of this compound in the different parts of a TV set. It is important to mention that due to the lack of data on the Pb content in Printed Circuit Board (PCBs), this element has not been taken into account for televisions. 

A rubber glove and a box of cotton waste fell into a tank of spent nitrating acid from the preparation of TNT. The total contents of the tank ignited, leading to a series of explosions which caused severe damage and some 900 casualties, including 82 killed. 

Due to the very low native concentration of Cd in the sandy soil (analytical problems), additions of Cd are not exactly proportional to the total content in the soil. 

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