Ischemia focal

Pignataro G, Gala R, Cuomo O et al (2004) Two sodium/ calcium exchanger gene products, NCX1 andNCX3, play a major role in the development of permanent focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke 35 2566-2570... 

Latour LL, Kang DW, Ezzeddine MA, Chalela JA, Warach S. Early blood-brain barrier disruption in human focal brain ischemia. Ann Neurol 2004 56 468 77. 

Warach S, Latour LL. Evidence of reperfusion injury, exacerbated by thrombolytic therapy, in human focal brain ischemia using a novel imaging marker of early blood-brain barrier disruption. Stroke 2004 35 2659-2661. 

Sironi L, Cimino M, Guerrini U, Calvio AM, Lodetti B, Asdente M, Balduini W, Paoletti R, Tremoli E. Treatment with statins after induction of focal ischemia in rats reduces the extent of brain damage. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol 2003 23 322-327. 

Belayev L, Pinard E, Nallet H, Seylaz J, Liu Y, Riyamongkol P, Zhao W, Busto R, Ginsberg MD. Albumin therapy of transient focal cerebral ischemia in vivo analysis of dynamic microvascular responses. Stroke 2002 33 1077-1084. 

Marinov MB, Harbaugh KS, Hoopes PJ, Pikus HI, Harbaugh RE. Neuroprotective effects of preischemia intraarterial magnesium sulfate in reversible focal cerebral ischemia. J Neurosurg 1996 85 117-124. 

Onal MZ, Li F, Tatbsumak T, Locke KW, Sandage Jr, BW, Fisher M. Synergistic effects of citicobne and mk-801 in temporary experimental focal ischemia in rats. Stroke 1997 28 1060-1065. 

Du C, Hu R, Csemansky CA, Liu XZ, Hsu CY, Choi DW. Additive neuroprotective effects of dextrorphan and cycloheximide in rats subjected to transient focal cerebral ischemia. Brain Res 1996 718 233-236. 

Schmid-Elsaesser R, Hungerhuber E, Zausinger S, Baethmann A, Reulen HJ. Neuroprotective efficacy of combination therapy with two different antioxidants in rats subjected to transient focal ischemia. Brain Res 1999 816 471 79. 

Asahi M, Asahi K, Wang X, Lo EH. Reduction of tissue plasminogen activator-induced hemorrhage and brain injury by free radical spin trapping after embolic focal cerebral ischemia in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2000 20 452 57. 

Sumii T, Lo EH. Involvement of matrix metalloproteinase in thrombolysis-associated hemorrhagic transformation after embohc focal ischemia in rats. Stroke 2002 33 831-836. 

Yang Y, Li Q, Shuaib A. Enhanced neuroprotection and reduced hemorrhagic incidence in focal cerebral ischemia of rat by low dose combination therapy of urokinase and topiramate. Neuropharmacology 2000 39 881-888. 

Shuaib A, Yang Y, Nakada MT, Li Q, Yang T. Glycoprotein Ilb/IIIa antagonist, murine 7e3 f(ab ) 2, and tissue plasminogen activator in focal ischemia evaluation of efficacy and risk of hemorrhage with combination therapy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2002 22 215-222. 

Lou M, Eschenfelder CC, Herdegen T, Brecht S, Deuschl G. Therapeutic window for use of hyperbaric oxygenation in focal transient ischemia in rats. Stroke 2004 35 578-583. 

Veltkamp R, Warner DS, Domoki F, Brinkhous AD, Toole JF, Busija DW. Hyperbaric oxygen decreases infarct size and behavioral deficit after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Brain Res 2000 853 68-73. 

Schabitz WR, Schade H, Heiland S, Kollmar R, Bardutzky J, Henninger N, Muller H, Carl U, Toyokuni S, Sommer C, Schwab S. Neuroprotection by hyperbaric oxygenation after experimental focal cerebral ischemia monitored by mr-imaging. Stroke 2004 35 1175-1179. 

Kawamura S, Yasui N, Shrrasawa M, Fukasawa H. Therapeutic effects of h3fperbaric oxygenation on acute focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Surg Neurol 1990 34 101-106. 

Singhal AB, Wang X, Sumii T, Mori T, Lo EH. Effects of normobaric h3fperoxia in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2002 22 861 868. 

Liu S, Shi H, Liu W, Eumichi T, Timmins GS, Liu KJ. Interstitial po2 in ischemic penumbra and core are differentially affected following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2004 24 343-349. 

Kim HY, Singhal AB, Lo EH. Normobaric hyperoxia extends the reperfusion window in focal cerebral ischemia. Ann Neurol 2005 57 571-575. 

Cole DJ, Matsumura JS, Drummond JC, Schell RM. Focal cerebral ischemia in rats effects of induced hypertension, during reperfusion, on cbf. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1992 12 64-69. 

Morimoto T, Ginsberg MD, Deitrich WD, Zhao W. Hyperthermia enhances spectrin breakdown in transient focal cerebral ischemia. Brain Res 1997 746(l-2) 43-51. 

Toung TJ, Hum PD, Traystman RJ, Bhardwaj A. Global brain water increases after experimental focal cerebral ischemia effect of hypertonic sahne. Crit Care Med 2002 30(3) 644-649. 

Bhardwaj A, Hanikuni I, Murphy SJ, et al. H3fpertonic sahne worsens infarct volume after transient focal ischemia in rats. Stroke 2000 31(7) 1694-1701. 

Buisson, A., Margaill, L, Callebert, J., Plotkine, M. and Boulu, R.G. (1993). Mechanism involved in the neuroprotective activity of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor during focal cerebral ischemia. J. Neurochem. 61, 690-696. 

Hara, H., Kogure, K., Kato, H., Ozaki, A. and Sukamoto, T. (1991). Amelioration of brain damage after focal ischemia in the rat by a novel inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 197, 75-82. 

Imaizumi, S., Woolworth, V., Fishman, R.A. and Chan, P.H. (1989). Superoxide dismutase activities and their role in focal cerebral ischemia. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 9, S217. 

Meyer, F.B., Tally, P.W., Anderson, R.E., Sundt, T.M., Yaksh, T.L. and Sharbrough, F.W. (1987). Treatment of experimental focal cerebral ischemia with mannitol. Assessment by intracellular brain pH, cortical blood flow, and EEC. 

Peritonitis may be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Primary peritonitis, also called spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, is an infection of the peritoneal cavity without an evident source of bacteria from the abdomen.1,2 In secondary peritonitis, a focal disease process is evident within the abdomen. Secondary peritonitis may involve perforation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (possibly because of ulceration, ischemia, or obstruction), postoperative peritonitis, or posttraumatic peritonitis (e.g., blunt or penetrating trauma). Tertiary peritonitis occurs in critically ill patients and is infection that persists or recurs at least 48 hours after apparently adequate management of primary or secondary peritonitis. 

Harrison DC et al. The use of quantitative RT-PCR to measure mRNA expression in a rat model of focal ischemia -caspase-3 as a case study. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2000 75 143-149. 

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