Firing test data

McCaffrey, B. J., Quintiere, J. Q., Harkleroad, M.F., "Estimating Room Temperatures and the Likelyhood of Flashover Using Fire Test Data Correlations". Fire Technology, Vol 17, pp 9S-119 1981. 

Application of a Genetic Algorithm to Estimate Material Properties for Fire Modeling from Bench-Scale Fire Test Data. 

The bivariate-log-normal analysis of data collected by Guinn and co-workers appears to be the only comprehensive statistical treatment of firearm residue detection by NAA (11). Suspects handswabs were interpreted in terms of accumulated firing test data and handblanks collected from individuals of different occupational backgrounds. A somewhat more empirical interpretation of the same data is also reported (12). Additional data from smaller scale collection of handblanks have been published recently (13,14). 

McCaffrey, B., Quintiere, J., and Harkleroad, M., Estimating room fire temperatures and the likelihood of flashover using fire test data correlations. Fire Technology 1981,17, 98-119. 

Lautenberger, C., Rein, G., and Fernandez-Pello, A.C. The application of a genetic algorithm to estimate material properties for fire modeling from bench-scale fire test data. Fire Safety Journal, 2006. 41, 204-214. 

Table 3 Fire test data for polyester resins containing different halogen additives ...

Table 5 Fire test data for chlorinated polyester resin samples ...

Fourteen formulations of chemical alternatives were submitted to EPA under confidentiality and they were assessed based on numerous human health and ecotoxicity endpoints in addition to bioaccumulation potential and environmental persistence. They were also screened for potential exposure to workers, users and the aquatic environment. Where data gaps existed, EPA experts used models and chemical analogs to estimate the hazard for a particular endpoint. The literature and test data reviews were published in the final report, Environmentally Preferable Options for Furniture Fire Safety Low Density Furniture Foam . In addition, each hazard endpoint was ranked with a concern level (High, Moderate or Low) based on the criteria used by the EPA s New Chemicals Program to rate the concern level of new chemicals submitted under the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA). As seen in Figure 8.2, where the hazard endpoint rankings are bold, the value is based on experimental data. Where the hazard endpoints are presented in italic font, the value is estimated based on models or chemical analogs. In this way, detailed hazard information was summarized and presented in a clear and concise format. 

This presentation covers some of the basic data and derived results are discussed. The gases species of oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide have been measured for all the tests. In the full scale fire tests hydrogen chloride and hydrogen cyanides were measured. Hydrocarbons and their relative abundance were determined by collecting gas samples on absorbent tubes for later analysis on a gas chromatograph and a mass spectrometer. 

In a joint research project in Sweden under the main title "Fire hazard - Fire growth in compartments in the early stage of development (pre-flashover)" (1, 2) a number of different factors have been studied. In the process of developing a full-scale fire test method - "room-corner" configuration - for surface lining materials, Nordtest NT-FIRE 025, the emission of smoke and gas was studied. That study covers data from thirteen different single and... 

Translation of National Test Data. A less cumbersome solution could be found if there was the possibility of satisfying a regulatory requirement of one Member State by test results obtained from a fire test procedure of another Member State. 

These were plotted and are compiled in API RP 520, Chart D-2 (page 55). The data plotted is for vessels constructed of ASTM A-5I5, Grade 70 steel, a steel typically employed for process vessels. If other materials are used an allowance for their stress characteristics under heat application needs to be made. Therefore a general determination of the need for protective measures, such as depressurization, can be made for a particular vessel by comparison to the D-2 chart and selected fire exposure temperatures. It should be noted that this is the best available fire test exposure data in the public domain. Improved methods and test data may be available in the future to refine the calculation methods. 

If a second test point is desired, the flow hydrant outlet may be throttled to any desired point and the pitot gage pressure read along with the Fire Flow Residual Pressure. Obtaining a second flow point will improve the accuracy of the flow test data. 

No general rules-of-thumb are available for plastic tanks/containers failure criteria should be based on available test data (SINTER, 1997). FRP is used offshore for fire water lines in order to reduce weight. Wet pipe FRP systems may be effective in afire scenario because water is flowing, allowingthe heatto be carried away. If the pipe is dry, failure may rapidly occur. 

The identification taggants developed by 3M appear to survive the detonation of commercial explosives under ideal conditions. Confinement and fire may adversely affect survival, although test data is very limited, Recovery of the taggants appears to be a function of the specific incident conditions (weather, type of target, firefighting activities) as well as the training and... 

Air emissions testing data from five facilities were evaluated for this report. The results are summarized here, by pollutant. The most extensive testing was performed by WP L, who tested criteria pollutants, heavy metals, dioxins and furans, and other organic compounds. Table 6-2 summarizes test data for all criteria pollutants at WP L.18 Ohio Edison tested particulate, S02, NOx, and lead emissions results from this whole tire test are provided in Table 6-3.12 Illinois Power tested PM, metals, and S02 their emissions data are summarized in Table 6-4.4 In 1979, United Power Association performed two TDF tests at their Minnesota facility, and conducted air emissions tests during the first test burn for particulate, NOx, SOz, sulfuric acid, and chloride.17 These emission results are summarized in Table 6-5.17 Northern States Power tested TDF in their wood-fired utility boiler in 1982, without much success.9 Their emissions data are summarized in Table 6-6.9 Comparisons of the data from these plants are provided in the pollutant specific discussions that follow the Northern States Power data are not included with graphical summaries of the other four facilities, because its boiler is wood fired, while the other four co-fire the TDF with coal. 

It should be reemphasized that the complete incompatibility of firing test and handblank values are based strictly on the statistical treatment of the two sets of data accumulated so far. A more general applicability will hopefully emerge as more hand-... 

Furniture calorimeters were developed in the 1980s in several laboratories to obtain this kind of data.70 71 The first furniture calorimeter test standard was published in 1987 in the Nordic countries as NT Fire 032. Furniture calorimeter test standards have been developed by ASTM for chairs, mattresses, and stacked chairs. The corresponding designations are ASTM E 1537, ASTM E 1590, and ASTM E 1822, respectively. The California Bureau of Home Furnishings and Thermal Insulation (CBHFTI) developed California Technical Bulletins (CAL TB) 133 and 603. These documents describe fire test procedures to qualify seating furniture and mattresses, respectively, for use in public occupancies in California. CAL TB 603 has been superseded by the Federal CPSC standard 16 CFR 1633. The primary difference between the various chair and mattress tests is the ignition source. 

CAL TB 117 Requirements, Test Procedures and Apparatus for Testing the Flame Retardance of Resilient Filling Materials Used in Upholstered Furniture. Bureau of Home Furnishings and Thermal Insulation, Sacramento, CA. EN 13501 Fire Classification of Construction Products and Building Elements - Part 1 - Classification Using Test Data from Reaction-to-Fire Tests. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium. 

Combining data obtained by the cone calorimeter with pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter (PCFC sometimes called microscale combustion calorimeter, MCC) results was also proposed to increase the understanding of flame retardancy and flame retardancy mechanisms.104 Dividing the fraction of the effective heat of combustion of the volatiles (THE/ML) obtained from the cone calorimeter by the heat of complete combustion of the volatiles obtained from PCFC yields the combustion efficiency %. Thus the combination of fire test and PCFC enables a quantitative... 

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