Flow point

The production phase commences with the first commercial quantities of hydrocarbons ( first oil ) flowing through the wellhead. This marks the turning point from a cash flow point of view, since from now on cash is generated and can be used to pay back the prior investments, or may be made available for new projects. Minimising the time between the start of an exploration campaign and first oil is one of the most important goals in any new venture. 

But at the present it (Bridgman s work) increases the presumption that the discontinuity in the shock wave is to be explained by something else. The whole question of what causes such discontinuities seems to be somewhat obscure. It is apparently recognized that such a phenomena as reaching the plastic limit may explain the discontinuity at 10,(X)0 (kg/cm ) mentioned above, but the precise mechanism by which reaching the plastic flow point may induce the discontinuity seems not to have been worked out. 

Step 2. System calculations over the entire range of possible operating conditions are required. The range must cover from the air blower minimum flow point to the expander bypass point for all reasonable variations in the applicable parameters of COj/CO ratio, fresh feed rate, flue gas temperature, ambient air temperature, and so forth. 

Although not widely used, there are other methods to determine the softening point, such as the capillary method, the flow point, the drop point, and the Kofier method. The different methods provide different values of the softening point. In general, the Ring and Ball method provides the highest softening point while the... 

FIGURE 4.1 8 W ter drop cooling in the air flow. Point (I) represents the air state surrounding the water drop (2). 

When the Imer is rotated past the no flow" point, the volume above the rotor exceeds that below, and net flow reverses direction even though pump speed and rotation have not changed (Limited to approx 30 cof lull forward How on all models)... 

Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory Flow points indicated by verified by ... 

These distributors are fabricated of pipe lengths tied to a central distribution header (usually) %vith orifice holes drilled in the bottom of the various pipe laterals off the header. This style of distributor can be fed by pressure or gravity for clean fluids. The gravity feed is considered better for critical distillation application when uniformity of the flow of the drip points (or flow points) through out the cross-section of the tower is extremely important, and is excellent for low flow requirements such as below 10 gpm/ft2 [131]. 

For low purity hydrocarbon fraction, the number of drip or separate flow points shoitid be 6-10 drip points/ft of tower cross-section surface area. 

The TPs change dimensions rapidly as they approach the cold flow point. Great care must be taken in the selection of critical dimensional control products for applications such as machines and instruments. Critical dimen-... 

Record five pressure (inlet and outlet) and flow readings for the pump near the following rated flow points - 0%, 50%, 100%, 125%, 150%, simultaneously recording the rpm. The time of flow is dependent on assuring adequate stabilization for flow measurement. 

If a second test point is desired, the flow hydrant outlet may be throttled to any desired point and the pitot gage pressure read along with the Fire Flow Residual Pressure. Obtaining a second flow point will improve the accuracy of the flow test data. 

POUR POINT DEPRESSANT. An additive for lubricating and automotive oils that lowers the pour point (or increases the flow point) by 11.0°C. The agents now generally used are polymerized higher esters of acrylic add derivatives. They are most effective with low-viscosity oils. See also Petroleum. 

Run 2 Tsh = 0 °C, controlled operation pressure pc = 0.08 mbar, Tjce measured e.g. -40 °C. In this test three things can happen (1) the test runs as planned (2) a pc of 0.08 mbar cannot be maintained and the pressure rises to e.g. 0.1 mbar. The amount of water vapor produced under these conditions cannot be transported to the condenser as 0.1 mbar is needed (the reason could also be the condenser capacity, which can be identified by a rising condenser temperature) (3) p = 0.08 mbar cannot be reached this case cannot be imagined with the data given in ran 2. T, (= 40 °C must transfer enough energy for a sublimation at 0.08 mbar, which may exceed the possible flow (point 2 above). 

Figure 6.7 Single-phase fluid flow, points E to B.

If the flow points in the x,-direction and the velocity gradient in the x2-direction then ... 

The SCORIM unit is placed between the nozzle of the injection molding machine and the mold (Figs. 14.11-14.13).The gates (i.e., the sprues and runners) are located so that all potential weld lines are placed between them from the flow point of view. 

Another test for the degree of flocculation of a paste is to measure the difference between the smear and flow points. The test is made by adding known quantities of dispersing medium to a known weight of powder and working it in with a spatula. The difference is noted between the amount required to smear and to flow the better the dispersion, the smaller the difference [107]. 

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