Firefighting

Flammability Acrolein is very flammable its flash point is <0° C, but a toxic vapor cloud will develop before a flammable one. The flammable limits in air are 2.8% and 31.0% lower and upper explosive limits, respectively by volume. Acrolein is only partly soluble in water and will cause a floating fire, so alcohol type foam should be used in firefighting. The vapors are heavier than air and can travel along the ground and flash back from an ignition source. 

Partly for these reasons, methanol has been the required fuel of the IndianapoHs 500 since 1965. Methanol is also used in many other professional and amateur races. However, transparency of the methanol flames has also been a disadvantage in some race track fires. The invisibiUty of the flame has confused pit crews, delayed fire detection, and caused even trained firefighters problems in locating and extinguishing fires. 

Foams for firefighting appHcations are typically made from a concentrated foaming agent diluted with water and then mixed with air. Rather than consider the volume fraction of air in the foam, firefighting foams are characterized by their expansion ratio, which is the increase in volume of the Hquid after the foam is formed. Expansion ratios range from 5 1 to over 1000 1 ratios of 5 1 to 20 1 are called low expansion ratios of 21 1 to 200 1, medium expansion and ratios greater than 200 1, high expansion. 

Polyarylates have been employed for electrical and electronic components, firefighter helmets, and appHcations requiring higher heat-deflection temperatures than PC resins. Polyarylates were first used for lighting, especially for small automotive lenses and sodium light outdoor lamps. However, the inherent yellow color and heat-induced darkening have limited appHcations. 

Release of a pressurized, hquefied gas to the atmosphere will cause the gas to cool and condense water vapor in ambient air, forming a visible vapor cloud. Firefighters and operators who attempt to move such a cloud away from furnaces and the hke with fire hoses and water jet guns are at risk, because of the possibility of a UVCE near them. Plants and governmental agencies who recommend such practices need to reexamine their pohcies. 

Seawater services on onshore platforms, for drinking, washing and firefighting services on off-shore platforms Seawater lift pumps for cooling gas compressors on oil platforms... 

The OREDA Offshore Reliability Data Handbooks covers a variety of components used in offshore oil drilling and platforms, including gas/fire detection systems, process alarm systems, firefighting systems, pressure relieving systems, general alarm and communication systems, evacuation systems, process systems (vessels, valves, pumps, heat exchangers, and compressors), electrical and utility systems, and drilling equipment. 

Mobile sources include railroad locomotives, marine vessels, aircraft, and automotive vehicles. Over the past 100 years, we have gained much experience in regulating smoke and odor emission from locomotives and marine craft. Methods of combustion equipment improvement, firefighter training, and smoke inspection for these purposes are well documented. This type of control is best at the local level. 

Provision for trained persons to be present/on call, e.g. rescue, first aid, firefighting... 

Common-sense guidelines can be deduced from the requirements for building operations and works of engineering construction summarized in Table 13.11. In special situations, e.g. for firefighting or protection against toxic chemicals, hoods and suits cover the head and neck and many incorporate protection. 

Eixed firefighting systems - Elose systems. Elose reels with semi-rigid hose. Supersedes BS 5274 1985... 

Most organic compounds are water-insoluble. Notable exceptions are the lower molecular weight alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones, all known to be "polar" molecules. This characteristic is of importance to firefighting because the specific gravity of the compound will then be a major determinant of the suitability of water for the suppression of fires involving the chemical. 

Determines response procedures for incidents based 7137 West Main St. on data from CMSDS and CHIMS. Includes Lima, NY 14485 firefighting information, personal protective... 

The latter three categories include all responders not covered by 29 CFR 1910.120 (1) and (p). The last category includes local firefighters and HAZMAT teams (see Table 8-1). 

Example security personnel Individuals who respond to releases in a defensive fashion and confine it from a distance Example firefighters, since they will respond to releases and process operators, since they may take defensive actions from a safe distance... 

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