Hollow fiber membrane, schematic diagrams

Based on the schematic diagram of the WGS hollow-fiber membrane reactor illustrated in Figure 9.1, the molar and energy balances were performed on both feed... 

Figure 9.1. Schematic diagram of water-gas shift hollow-fiber membrane reactor. (Reprinted with permission from Huang et al.,6 Copyright 2005 Elsevier.)...

Figure 9.10 Schematic diagram of vibrating hollow fiber membrane. From Ref. [136] with permission.

Figure 1.33 Schematic diagram showing membrane modules presently used in industrial separation processes (a) pleated membrane filter cartridge (b) plate-and-frame membrane module (c) spiral wound membrane module (d) tubular membrane module (e) capillary membrane module (f) hollow fiber membrane module.

Fig. 14.4.1.2. Schematic diagram of a two-phase hollow-fiber membrane bioreactor system for hydrolytic epoxide resolution. [After reference 8]. The yeast cells contain an epoxide hydrolase that enantioselectively hydrolyzes racemic epoxide resulting in enantiopure epoxide that partitions to the organic phase. Diol produced partitions to the water phase.

A schematic diagram of the polymer precipitation process is shown in Figure 7. The hot polymer solution is cast onto a water-cooled chill roll, which cools the solution, causing the polymer to precipitate. The precipitated film is passed through an extraction tank containing methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol to remove the solvent. Finally, the membrane is dried, sent to a laser inspection station, trimmed and rolled up. The process shown in Figure 7 is used to make fiat-sheet membranes. The preparation of hollow-fiber membranes by the same general technique has also been described. 

Figure 10.22 Schematic diagrams of the hollow fiber membrane interface (a) and the CIEF-IMER-nanoRPLCMS platform (b) [131]. Source Copyright 2011 Wiley-VCH Veriag GmbH, Weinheim.

Figure 1.16 Schematic diagram of the hollow fiber membrane reactor. Reproduced with permission from [16], Copyright (2013), Woodhead Publishing (Elsevier).

Figure 8.5 Schematic diagram of the catalytic hollow fiber membrane (a) flow pattern (b) catalyst coated on inner surface [5] (c) catalyst impregnated inside the wall. Reproduced from [30]. With permission from Elsevier.

FIGURE 15.7 Schematic diagram for macrovoid growth. (Adapted from D. Li, Duallayer asymmetric hollow-fiber membranes for gas separation, PhD Thesis, Chemical Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 2005.)... 

A schematic diagram of the hollow fiber (or capillary) dialyzer, the most commonly used artificial kidney. The blood flows through many small tubes constructed of semipermeable membrane these tubes are bathed in the dialyzing solution. 

A schematic and an equipment diagram of the membrane recovery system are shown in Figures 2a and 2b. The cell separation step consisted of two stages a cell concentration step in which a five fold volume reduction of the cell broth was done, and a cell wash (or diafiltration) step in which four volumes of a salt solution were pumped into the cell concentrate at a rate equal to the permeate flow rate to wash out residual enzyme. These two steps were done using the same membrane system two 23 square foot, 500,000 MWCO (1.0 mm ID) polysulfone hollow fiber units (AG Technology (Needham, MA), Catalog UFP-500-E- 55). Though considered ultrafilters... 

Figure 4.8. Schematic diagram of a membrane bioreactor with a crystallizer. 1 hollow-fiber MBR, 2 organie solution tank, 3 aqueous solution tank, 4 crystallizer, 5 pressure control valve, 6, 7, 8 pumps, 9 timer, 10 introduction of basic or acid solution for pH control, ITfilter. Adapted from Furui et al. [4.66].

The spinning of asymmetric hollow fibers with the skin on the inside closely resembles the procedure used in casting flat-sheet membranes. Figure 3.1510 is a schematic diagram of a spinneret used to spin these fibers. The degassed and filtered polymer solution is forced under pressure into a coaxial tube spinneret. The liquid is extruded through an annular orifice and the hollow fiber (still liquid) is stabilized and precipitated by an internal coagulating fluid (usually water) which flows out the center tube. 

The bags employed in single use bioreactors are presterilized prior to use in cultivation of cells. Several forms of disposable bag bioreactors are available from multiple vendors. Examples include physically stirred bag bioreactors and wave-mixed bag bioreactors. A schematic diagram of a wave-mixed bag bioreactor is shown in Figure 13.13. Bag bioreactors are used in the production of therapeutic recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies. Other types of single use bioreactors include permselective membrane reactors in both hollow-fiber and flat-sheet membrane configurations (see Section 13.2.7). 

Figure 15.16 Schematic diagram of hollow fiber carbon membrane reactor.

Figure 17-1. Schematic diagrams of common industrial membrane modules (A) plate-and-frame, (B) tube-in-shell, (C) spiral-wound, (D) details of hollow-fiber module.

FIGURE 3.6 Schematic diagram of a membrane reactor with lipase-coated hollow fiber 1, buffer solution 2, triglycerides 3, lumen 4, hollow fiber wall 5, shell side 6, lipase coated hollow fiber 7, hollow fiber reactor 8, product 1 collection 9, product 2 collection. (From Malcata, F. X., C. G. Hill, and C. H. Amundson, 1992, Biotechnology and Bioengineering 39 (10) 1002-1012. With permission.)... 

A schematic diagram of a typical hollow fiber dense membrane reactor is shown in Figure 37.5a. The hollow fibers (Figure 37.5b) are manufactured by a phase inversion process (OD = l.1-1.5 mm ID = 0.75-1 mm) [63,64]. The oxidant gas (O2, H2O, CO2, N2O) mixture is fed to the core side, while a fuel (CH4, CO, or H2) mixture is fed to the shell side. A catalyst can be packed on the shell side. Both exit hnes are continuously monitored by onhne gas chromatography or mass spectrometry. 

Figure 37.S (a) Schematic diagram of a hollow fiber dense membrane reactor. (Reproduced from Ref. [60] with permission from Elsevier.) (b) SEM image of the cross...

FIGURE 15.26 (a) Schematic diagram of a dual-layer hollow-fiber spinning process (b) cross section of triple-orifice spinneret (Adapted from L. Setiawan et al.. Journal of Membrane Science, 423-424, 73-84, 2012.) and (c) fabrication process of a dual-layer flat-sheet membrane using a double-blade casting machine. (Adapted from S.A. Hashemifard et al. Journal of Membrane Science, 375, 258-267, 2011.)... 

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