Hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction

Bardstu, K.F., Ho, T.S., Rasmussen, K.E., Pedersen-Bjergaard, S. and Jonsson, J.A. (2007) Supported liquid membranes in hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) — Practical considerations in the three-phase mode. Journal of Separation Science, 30, 1364. 

In another type of membrane extraction devices, porous polypropylene hollow fibers are used, often in a disposable way, which minimizes carryover problems and reduces costs [26-33]. On the other hand, manual manipulations are needed, limiting the possibility for automation. With these devices, the extraction can be carried out in a static mode, either in large sample volumes, where the extraction is not intended to be complete, or in small volumes aiming for complete extraction. Usually, stirring is applied to increase the speed of mass transfer. Some typical practical arrangements are shown in Figure 12.2. This type of SLM extraction is often called hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction, or three-phase liquid phase microextraction or two-phase liquid phase microextraction but the terminology in this active field of research has not been settled. Also hollow fibers can be connected in flow systems [34,35]. 

Lambropoulou DA and Albanis TA. Sensitive trace enrichment of environmental antiandrogen vinclozolin from natural waters and sediment samples using hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction. J. Chromatogr. A 2004 1061 11-18. 

Bardstu KF, Ho TS, Rasmussen KE, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Jonsson jA. Supported hquid membranes in hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (LPME). Practical considerations in the 3-phase mode. J Sep Sci 2007 30 1364-1370. 

Berhanu T, Megersa N, Solomon T, Jonsson JA. A novel equilibrium extraction technique employing hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction for trace enrichment of freely dissolved organophosphorus pesticides in environmental waters. Int J Environ Anal Chem 2008 88 933-945. 

Larsson N, Petersson E, Rylander M, Jonsson jA. Continuous flow hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction and monitoring of NSAID pharmaceuticals in a sewage treatment plant effluent. Anal Methods 2009 1 59-67. 

Saleh A, Larsson E, Yamini Y, Jonsson jA. Hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction as a preconcentration and clean-up step after pressurized hot water extraction for the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in sewage sludge. J Chromatogr A 2011 1218 1331-1339. 

Esrafih A, Yamini Y, Ghambarian M, Shariati S, Moradi M. Measurement of fluoroquinolone antibiotics from human plasma using hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction based on carrier mediated transport. J Liq Chromatogr Rel Technol 2012 35 2040-2047. 

Zhou J, Zeng P, Cheng ZH, Liu J, Wang LQ, Qian RJ. Application of hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for the study of the osthole pharmacokinetics in cerebral ischemia hypoperfusion rat plasma. J Chromatogr B 2011 879 2304-2310. 

Ebrahimzadeh H, Asgharinezhad AA, Adlnasab L, Shekari N. Optimization of ion-pair based hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction combined with HPLC-UV for the determination of methimazole in biological samples and animal feed. J Sep Sci 2012 35 2040-2047. 

Zhao G, Wang C, Wu Q, Wang Z. Determination of carbamate pesticides in water and fruit samples using carbon nanotube reinforced hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography. Anal Methods 2011 3 1410-1417. 

HFs have been used successfully for preconcentration in chemical analysis. One technique termed hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) involves filling the pores of an inert HF material (commonly polypropylene) with an organic phase containing a carrier in a similar way to the manufacturing of SLMs. The fiber is then dipped into an aqueous sample solution, and the analyte is transported across the HF to a small volume of receiver phase in the lumen of the HF that is subsequently analyzed [41,42]. 

Chiang, J.S. Huang, S.D. Determination of haloethers in water with dynamic hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction using GC-FID and GC-ECD. Talanta 2007, 71 (2), 882-886. 

Chia, K.J. and Huang, S.D. Simultaneous derivatization and extraction of primary amines in river water with dynamic hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric detection. Journal of Chromatography A 2006,1103 (1), 158-161. 

E. Ghasemi, N. M. Najafi, F. Raofie and A. Ghassempour, Simultaneous speciation and preconcentration of ultra traces of inorganic tellurium and selenium in environmental samples by hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction prior to electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy determination, J, Hazard, Mat., 2010, 181(1-3), 491-496. 

L. Hou, G. Shen and H. K. Lee, Automated hollow fiber-protected dynamic liquid-phase microextraction of pesticides for gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis. Journal of Chromatography A, 2003, 985(1-2), 107-116. 

Yazdi, A. S. and Es haghi, Z., Two-step hollow fiber-based, liquid-phase microextraction combined with high-performance liqnid chromatography A new approach to determination of aromatic amines in water. Journal of Chromatography A 1082(2), 136-142, 2005. 

Shen, G. and H.K. Lee (2002). Hollow fiber-protected liquid-phase microextraction of triazine herbicides. Anal. Chem., 74(3) 648-654. 

FIGURE 12.2 Hollow-fiber devices for membrane extraction, (a) Hollow-fiber loops for equilibrium extraction redrawn after Liu et al. (From Liu, J.-F., Jbnsson, J.A., and Mayer, P., Anal. Chem., 77, 4800, 2005.) (b) Liquid-phase microextraction after Pedersen-Bjergaard and Rasmussen. (From Grpuhaug Halvorsen, T., Pedersen-Bjergaard, S., Reubsaet, J.L.E., and Rasmussen, K.E., J. Sep. ScL, 24, 615, 2001. With permission.) (c) Syringe-based hollow fiber LPME. (Erom Zhao, L. and Lee, H.K., Anal. Chem., 74, 2486, 2002. Copyright 2002 American Chemical Society. With permission.)... 

As with three-phase membrane extraction, it is also possible here to work either with flat membranes, or with hollow-fiber membranes. In the first case, the technique is usually called microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction (MMLLE), a name originating from Cussler [40]. With hollow fibers, it can be called two-phase liquid phase microextraction. 

Note SLM, supported liquid membrane (aq/org/aq) MMLLE, microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction (aq/org) PME, polymer membrane extraction (aq/polymer/org) MESI, membrane extraction with sorbent interface (aq (or gas)/polymer/gas/sorbent) CFLME, continuous flow liquid membrane extraction (aq/org (in flow)/aq) LPME2, two-phase liquid phase microextraction in hoUow fibers (aq/org) LPME3, three-phase liquid phase microextraction in hollow fibers (aq/org/aq). 

Zhao L and Lee HK. Liquid-phase microextraction combined with hollow fiber as a sample preparation technique prior to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2002 74 2486-2492. 

Recently, Psillakis et al. " have developed a liquid phase microextraction (LPME) technique using a hollow fiber membrane in conjunction with GC-MS for the extraction and analysis of phthalates. The resulting method was validated and compared with SPME. Both techniques showed comparable performance and were considered suitable for trace analysis of phthalates in water. 

Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Rasmussen KE, Jonsson jA. Liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) utilizing porous hollow fibers. In Pawhszyn J, Lord H, eds. Handbook of Sample Preparation. Hoboken, NJ John Whey Sons 2010 pp. 125-148. 

Chen P-S, Huang S-D. Determination of ethoprop, diazinon, disulfoton and fenthion using dynamic hollow fiber-protected liquid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatogra-phy-mass spectrometry. Talanta 2006 69 669-675. 

Ramos Paydn M, Bello L6pez mA, Fernandez-Torres R, Callejon Mochon M, Gomez Ariza JL. Application of hollow fiber-based liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) for the determination of acidic pharmaceuticals in wastewaters. Talanta 2010 82 854-858. 

Ramos Payan M, Bello Lopez mA, Femandez-Torres R, Gonzalez JAO, Callejdn Mochon M. Hollow fiber-based liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) as a new approach for the HPLC determination of fluoroquinolones in biological and environmental matrices. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011 55 332-341. 

Basheer C, Balasubramanian R, Lee HK. Determination of organic micropoUutants in rainwater using hollow fiber mem-brane/liquid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry./C/iromalcigr A 2003 1016 11-20. 

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