Federal controls

Compounds available in the United States are Hsted in Table 1. Whereas they vary in degree, all of them share similar HabiUties of cardiovascular side effects, the potential for central nervous system (CNS) stimulation, the development of tolerance, and abuse potential. AH, with the exception of ma2indol, are derivatives of phenethylamine. The introduction of an oxygen atom on the -carbon of the side chain tends to reduce CNS stimulant properties without decreasing the anorectic activity. Following the Federal Controlled Dmg Act of 1970, dmgs were classified into one of five schedules according to medical utiUty and abuse potential. 

Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) was passed. This act and its various amendments are often referred to as tne Clean Water Act (CWA). It provided loans for treatment plant construction and temporary authority for federal control of interstate water pollution. The enforcement powers were so heavily dependent on the states as... 

The primary focus of FIFRA is to provide federal control of pesticide distribution, sale, and use. Under FIFRA, the ERA was given authority to study the consequences of pesticide usage. FIFRA requires that all pesticide uses in the United States be registered by ERA. Registration assmes that pesticides will be properly labeled and that if produced and used in accordance with specifications, pesticides will not cause unreasonable harm to the environment. ... 

Federal Controlled Drug Act of 1970, 3 90 Federal emission standards, 10 32 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), 25 332... 

Motor vehicle emissions catalysis for, 24 57-125 see also Exhaust gases, automotive Federal control requirements, 24 60, 61 MP2 method, 42 135 MS, see Multiple scattering MSD... 

Federal Controlled Substances Act (1971)- Limits the availability of drug precursor substances. 

In recent years federal authorities have pressured doctors not even to discuss medical marijuana as an option for their patients. They sought to revoke an offending doctor s license to prescribe federally controlled narcotics. Such an action would make it virmally impossible for many doctors to practice medicine in their specialty. However, in October 2002, a federal appeals court in San Erancisco ruled that such a sanction violates the constimtional right of doctors and patients to discuss health matters freely. About a year later the Supreme Court let the decision stand. The decision does not affect the illegality of actually prescribing medical marijuana, however. 

This decision established a firm constitutional basis for federal requirements being imposed on the distribution of drugs and upheld the Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914, which would be the main instrument for federal control of dangerous drugs until the passage of the Controlled Substances Act in 1970. (Congress would also use its taxation power to control drugs in the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937.)... 

The basic question is whether a medical necessity defense is applicable to the federal Controlled Substances Act. Put another way, do patients who believe (or whose doctors believe) that marijuana is necessary for their treatment have the right to receive the drug even though it is illegal under federal law ... 

Besides medical necessity, the appeal to the circuit court also argued that because the women were growing marijuana within the state (and were thus not involved in interstate commerce), the federal Controlled Substances Act should not apply to their activities. 

In a defeat for medical marijuana advocates, the U.S. Supreme Court rules that the federal Controlled Substances Act precludes a medical necessity defense on the part of the Oakland, California, Cannabis Buyers Club. February Officials at the popular drug education program DARE admit that some of the techniques they have been using may be ineffective. They begin a process of reviewing research and revising the curriculum. 

Federal control of the intrastate incidents of the traffic in controlled substances is essential to the effective control of the interstate incidents of such traffic. 

Cocaine is used medically by otorhinolaryngologists and plastic surgeons as an epinephrine cocaine mixture. Solutions for topical application are typically less than 4% cocaine hydrochloride. In the U.S. cocaine is a scheduled drug under the federal Controlled Substances Act of 1970. Refined cocaine, in the form of the base or hydrochloride salt, is self-administered by many routes, including snorting, smoking, genital application, and by injection. 

Phencyclidine, PCP, or l-(l-phenylcyclohexyl) piperidine, is an arylcyclohexamine with structural similarities to ketamine. It is a lipophilic weak base with a pKa of 8.5. Phencyclidine was originally synthesized and marketed under the trade name Semyl by Parke-Davis for use as an intravenously administered anesthetic agent in humans. Distribution began in 1963 but was discontinued in 1965 due to a high incidence (10 to 20%) of post-operative delirium and psychoses. However, its use continued as a veterinary tranquilizer for large animals until 1978, when all manufacture was prohibited and PCP was placed in Schedule II of the federal Controlled Substances Act (1970). 

A wide popularization of the social use of MDMA occurred in 1984-1985 and, with the reported observation of serotonin nerve changes in animal models resulting from the administration of the structurally similar drug MDA, an administrative move was launched to place it under legal control. The placement of MDMA into the most restrictive category of the Federal Controlled Substances Act has effectively removed it from the area of clinical experimentation and human research. The medical potential of this material will probably have to be developed through studies overseas. 

Today, our perception of nicotine has been altered principally by the consequences of the vehicle for nicotine administration, the tobacco plant. In the United States alone, tobacco use causes almost one death every minute, or the equivalent of four major airline crashes daily, similarly to what occurred on September n, 2001. If we had to witness that tragedy every day, just imagine the public outcry for greater federal control of tobacco. Sadly, because of politics and the fact that tobacco sales (and their taxes) are such a boon to the U.S. economy, this is not likely to ever occur to such a degree as to ban these sales completely. Meanwhile, people will continue to die from tobacco use and will do so one at a time at home or in a hospital room, not in large groups on the evening news. 

U.S. federal district court judge rejects a U.S. Justice Department attempt to overturn Oregon s physician-assisted suicide law. The Justice Department claimed that the state law violated the federal Controlled Substances Act. 

Passage of the federal Controlled Substances Act in 1970 restricted access to barbiturates. That action led to an eventual decline in the use and abuse of one of the most widely prescribed drugs of the twentieth century. 

In the United States, the Federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA), Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, consolidates a number of laws regulating the manufacture and distribution of drugs and chemicals used in the illegal production of controlled substances. 

DMT was demonstrated to be hallucinogenic in 1956. The drug is explicitly named as a Schedule I drug in the federal Controlled Substances Act. DMT is also illegal in the United Kingdom, where it is classified as a Class A drug. 

The estimated 1,000 to 1,400 products considered to be inhalants are legal products and are not regulated under the federal Controlled Substances Act. However, the National Conference on State Legislatures reports that, as of June 2000, 38 states had enacted laws to address the issues of minors use of inhalants. In various ways, the laws attempt to prevent the sale, use, and distribution to minors of certain products that are commonly abused. 

In 1914, the Harrison Narcotic Act outlawed heroin in the United States. The federal Controlled Substances... 

The major and minor tranquilizers are legal as manufactured and prescribed and are classified as Schedule n,m, or IV controlled substances under the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA). However, manufacturing, distributing, and selling these drugs without a prescription are subject to federal and state penalties. The CSA dictates penalties of up to 15 years imprisonment and fines up to 25,000 for unlawful distribution or possession of a controlled substance. 

Despite spectacular advances in pharmacology and pharmacy and Federal control, there are too many people poisoned as a result of medical mismanagement, pharmaceutical company propaganda, and public advertising of the latest cure-all wonder drug. This fact alone is likely to keep the forensic toxicologist in business with indefinite job security. 

Tier II (adopted in 2000) reduced the VOC emissions by 50 percent. Reductions were achieved by further tightening the VOC content of coatings (at times to levels lower than those stated in the Federal Control Technique Guidelines (CTG)) and increasing application transfer efficiency requirements (at times to levels more stringent than those stated in the EPA Blue Book ). 

Federal Water Pollution Control Act In 1948, the original Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) was passed. This act and its various amendments are often referred to as the Clean Water Act (CWA). It provided loans for treatment plant construction and temporary authority for federal control of interstate water pollution. The enforcement powers were so heavily dependent on the states as to make the act almost unworkable. In 1956, several amendments to the FWPCA were passed that made federal enforcement procedures less cumbersome. The provision for state consent was removed by amendments passed in 1961, which also extended federal authority to include navigable waters in the United States. 

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