State legislatures

CIWMB 1992. Tires as a Fuel Supplement Feasibility Study. Report to the Legislature, State of California, California Integrated Waste Management Board. 

Some of the earliest environmental laws to incorporate pollution prevention were passed by state legislatures. States such as Massachusetts and New Jersey promulgated laws which instituted provisions for "toxic use reduction" in efforts to minimize the degree to which hazardous substances are employed at various stages of manufacturing, processing and use of chemical products (7),... 

Land-mann, m. farmer, countryman, -messer, m. surveyor, -polizei,/. rural police, -schaft, /. province, district, state landscape, -see, m. lake, -seuche, /. epidemic, -stadt, /. inland town, country town, -strasse, /. highway, road, -strich, m. district climate. -Sturm, m. general levy (of troops), reserves, -tag, m. diet, legislature, -ung, /. landing, -vogt, m. governor, landw., abbret. of landwirtschaftlich. Land-wehr, /. first home reserve, militia. 

Through individual state legislation, wherein the legislature adopted by reference a particular energy code or wrote the energy code requirements directly in the legislation. 

In October of 2001, the CDC put together a draft model law for the states, Model State Emergency Health Powers Act. The proposed model law would give state officials broad powers to close buildings, take over hospitals, and order quarantines during a biological attack. The various state legislatures would have to decide to adopt, or not adopt, the model law. A CDC conference considered a summary of public health powers necessary for adequate response to a bioterrorism incident that is reproduced below. 

Nor can women justly complain of any partiality in the adminis-(33) tration of justice. They have the sympathy of judges and particularly of juries to an extent which would warrant loud complaint on the part of their adversaries of the sterner sex. Their appeals to legislatures against injustice are never unheeded, and there is no doubt that when any considerable part of the women of any State really wish for the (40) right to vote it will be granted without the intervention of Congress. 

Wind power in the U.S. has not received this level of support. Every two years, a fight in congress erupts on the renewal of an important wind power tax credit. Similar battles occur in state legislatures that have wind power tax credits. According to U.S. energy officials, wind power could provide 5% of the nation s electric power by 2020, compared to the current 0.1%. 

Up until 2000, most laws regarding GHB and its analogues were primarily up to the legislature of each individual state. As... 

Following Edward Jenner s discovery of a smallpox vaccine in 1798, and the demonstration by Benjamin Waterhouse in the United States in 1800 that the vaccine was effective, fraudulent versions of the vaccine were marketed throughout the country. A Baltimore physician, John Smith, initially convinced the Maryland legislature to enact a statute designed to ensure the availability of an effective smallpox vaccine supply, and then persuaded Congress to enact the Vaccine Act of 1813 - for the same purpose. This statute authorised the President to appoint a federal agent to preserve the genuine vaccine matter and to furnish the same to any citizen who requested it. 

In his first try at political office. Nelson was defeated as a Republican candidate for the Wisconsin legislature in 1946. He then changed his registration to the Democratic Party and was elected to the state senate in 1948, where he served for 10 years before being elected governor in 1958. After serving two terms in that post, he was elected to the U.S. Senate from Wisconsin, a post he held for three terms. 

Aymette argued that a ban on such weapons is a violation of the provision of the Tennessee constitution that the free white men of this state have a right to keep and bear arms for their common defense. He claimed that the decision of what weapons to carry and how to carry them is an individual one, beyond the power of the legislature to regulate. 

The basic issue was whether the weapons law violated either the Second Amendment or the Idaho constitution. The latter states that The people have the right to bear arms for their security and defense, but the legislature shall regulate the exercise of this right by law. ... 

In recent years many cities have passed firearms laws more restrictive than those of the state. This frequently leads to the issue of state preemption — whether any aspect of firearms law specified by the state precludes a city or county from making its own legislation in that area. This issue is fought out on a state-by-state basis and depends on the relationship between the language of the conflicting laws and the intentions expressed by the legislature. 

This view of the state constimtional provision is close to the viewpoint of most modern gun control advocates with regard to the Second Amendment Only the right of the state to form and operate a militia is protected the legislature is free to regulate or even prohibit the individual carrying of weapons. Certainly few people would assert that anyone has the right to carry a weapon while drunk. 

In the long term, however, the decision may limit the ability of Congress to create unfunded mandates (requirements that are imposed by a higher legislature but paid for by local jurisdictions). It is also relevant to the growing interest in the Tenth Amendment by activists who are attempting to restrain the exercise of federal power in favor of local control. Of course, Congress can always require that certain procedures be carried out if a state wishes to receive federal money for law enforcement or other purposes. 

According to the appeals court, The primary legal issue is whether the Legislature has completely preempted the field of regulation of handgun sales. In the absence of state preemption, every municipality is authorized by the California Constitution to exercise its police power to deal with local situations. The idea of preemption is that a lower jurisdiction (such as a city) cannot make a law that deals with a matter that a higher jurisdiction (such as the state) has already definitively covered. The lower court found that the local ordinance was not preempted. 

There are many conflicting opinions in state courts regarding suits against gun manufacturers. In Spitzer v. Sturm, Ruger Co. (2003) the New York Supreme Court rejected a similar public nuisance claim. The court noted that firearms were already heavily regulated and that legislatures were much more suited than courts to deal with the problems caused by guns. 

National Rifle Association (NRA) The United States s oldest and largest gun rights organization with more than 2 million members. As a gun lobby to Congress and state legislatures, it has been extraordinarily effective, at least until recent years, in blocking new federal and many state gun control proposals. 

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