Federal Clean Water Act

The Federal Clean Water Act (CWA) mandates the establishment of pretreatment standards for discharges to publicly owned treatment works (POTW). Institutions that are connected to public sewers must comply with the CWA pretreatment standards. This could result in not allowing certain compounds down the drain even if diluted (e.g. formaldehyde cannot be discharged to a POTW even in minute quantities with abundant dilution). 

The CWA has also established the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program which regulates discharges to surface waters. The California State Water Resources Control Board and its 9 regional boards carry out the NPDES program in California. 

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New York State [13] and the Federal Clean Water Act, as amended. Specifically, the company was authorized to discharge its treated effluents from the company s facility to a nearby receiving water. Table 5 indicates the final effluent limitations and monitoring requirements specified by the SPDES discharge permit. 

Considered a priority pollutant and is regulated by the federal Clean Water Act, RCRA and Superfund. FDA approved under 21CRF175.105 - Adhesives 175.300 - Resinous and Polymeric Coatings 176.170 - Components of Paper Paper-board in Contact with Fatty or Aqueous Food 175.180 - Components of Paper Paperboard in Contact with Dry Food 177.2420 - Cross-linked Polyester Resins (as solvent) and 178.3740 - Polymeric Substances (Extraction limitations). 

A new permit with the state of New Mexico will require this liquid stream to meet the domestic water supply limit for dissolved NO3 of 10 mg/L measured as N (in order to comply with the federal Clean Water Act and the New Mexico Water Quality Act). A nitric-acid fractionation (distillation column) is to be installed to recover these nitrates from the discard stream prior to disposal. The column (Figure 4.22) will include a total condenser and partial reboiler and will operate with a reflux ratio of 0.4. 

Environmental laws and regulations including permits are reviewed in this chapter. Included are the Federal Clean Air Act Amendment (CAAA), the Federal Clean Water Act (CWA) regulations, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) or, as it is also known, the Solid Waste Disposal Act. Also discussed along with the regulations under OSHAare the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER). 

Under the Federal Clean Water Act s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permitting program, two approaches exist for controlling pollutant discharges from individual and municipal waste water treatment facilities the technology-based approach and the water-quality based approach... 

Government. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) administers the federal Clean Water Act, which requires protection of water quality. This act establishes water-quality standards, the foundation for storm-water management requirements and, through section 319, funds implementation projects to demonstrate the effectiveness of measures to control pollution from nonpoint sources. 

The federal Clean Water Act was passed in 1898 to fight water pollution. Fifty years later. Congress provided funds for the construction of municipal wastewater treatment facilities. The Water Control Act of 1965 took a "water quality" approach and initiated close examination of receiving waters. States were required to establish standards for water quality. 

The federal Clean Water Act is designed to protect U.S. water quality. The ERA, state water commissions, the Army Corps of Engineers, state Parks and Wildlife departments, and the U.S. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife help enforce the Clean Water Act. 

The two main federal agencies involved in the protection of human health and the environment are the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). EPA s principal concern is the protection of the environment, in most cases, the area outside of an industrial faciUty. There are 10 regional offices that carry out the regulatory functions of the agency (Table 1). Primary laws covered by EPA are the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA), the Clean Water Act (CWA), Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and LiabiUty Act (CERCLA), Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), and Eederal Insecticide, Eungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). 

Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) was passed. This act and its various amendments are often referred to as tne Clean Water Act (CWA). It provided loans for treatment plant construction and temporary authority for federal control of interstate water pollution. The enforcement powers were so heavily dependent on the states as... 

Act, making it more consistent with other environmental statutes. The Clean Water Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act all require permits. 

Agency (EPA), which was established in 1970, the same year the first Clean Air Act was passed into law. In 1972 the Clean Water Act became law, and in 1973 the Endangered Species Act became law. Other important federal environmental legislation includes the Resource Consei vation and Recoveiy Act, passed in 1976 the Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 the Nuclear Waste Policy Acts of 1982 and 1987 and the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Acts of 1980 and 1985. From 1980 to 2000 these environmental regulations, and the enforcement efforts of the EPA, have had a much greater impact on decisions made in the energy industiy than all the policy initiatives implemented by the DOE. 

CFR — Code of Federal Regulations, CWA — Clean Water Act, EPCRA — Emergency Planning and... 

Federal Register, Clean Water Act (CWA), 33 U.S. Code ss/1251 et seq. 1977, U.S. Government, Public Laws, May 2002, Available at www.access.gpo.gov/uscode/title33/chapter26. html. 

The Federal Water Pollution Control Act (Clean Water Act) establishes nationally applicable effluent limitations using criteria based on different levels of control technology. For example, risk assessments were carried out in response to the settlement of litigation asserting a failure to set standards... 

Personnel. More than any other area, we are often asked "How many people has your corporation added due to TSCA " I don t know of anyone who has a concise answer to this question. Complicating the situation is the fact that the 1960 s and 1970 s saw a number of environmental and health laws go into effect the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Occupational Safety and Health Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, Federal Water Pollution Control Act, TSCA, Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, to mention the major ones. This mixture of acts, with some similarities of purpose, developing within a time span of 10-15 years, has made a variety of similar demands. It is not easy at this point to attribute the addition of staff support personnel to an individual law such as TSCA. The same observation is applicable to all corporate resources which have felt the effects of TSCA however, in order to... 

Those federal regulations of interest and importance for addressing subsurface environmental issues in chronological order of establishment include the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure (SPCC), the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), the Resource, Conservation, and Recovery Act (RCRA), the Clean Water Act (CWA), the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA), the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FTFRA), and the Petroleum Safety Act (PSA). These regulations are discussed below. 

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