Condensation fatty acid ester

Bisamides. Methylenebisamides are prepared by the reaction of the primary fatty amide and formaldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst. AijAT-Methylenebisoleamide has been made via this route without the use of refluxing solvent (55). Polymethylenebisamides can be made from fatty acid, esters, or acid haUdes with diamines while producing water, alcohol, or mineral acid by-products. Eatty acids and diamines, typically ethylenediamine, have been condensed in the presence of NaBH and NaH2P02 to yield bisamides (56). When stearic acid, ethylenediamine, and methyl acetate react for 6 h at... 

Antifog agents like fatty acid esters are used to avoid the formation of water droplets on the film under condensation conditions, e.g., in cling film apphcations at the transition from room temperature to a refrigerated warehouse. The antifog agent is hydrophilic and reduces the surface tension of droplets so that a uniform water film does not impair the clarity of the chng film [23]. 

A number of glycidates are important intermediates in the synthesis of fragrance materials. A few glycidates are fragrance materials in themselves. They are prepared either by epoxidation of the corresponding acrylates or by condensation of aldehydes or ketones with a-chloro substituted fatty acid esters (Darzens reaction). 

Reaction XLIII. (c) Condensation of a-Halogen Fatty Acid Esters with Aldehydes and Ketones by means of Zinc or Magnesium (Reformatsky-Grignard). (C., (1901), I., 1196 II., 30 (1902), I., 856.)—This is an extension of the Grignard and zinc alkyl reactions which enables a-halogen esters to be condensed with carbonyl compounds as if they were simple alkyl halogen compounds. The zinc or magnesium alkyl derivative is neither prepared beforehand nor isolated in the reaction, but there is little doubt that some such compound is transitorily formed. Zinc is the metal... 

A., 297, 92 B., 36, 3678 38, 714, 1934.) Both assumptions coincide equally well with the fact that fatty acid esters do not condense analogously to the above, with secondary and tertiary alkyl groups. 

Fatty acid amine condensate Fatty acid condensate Fatty acid condensation product Fatty acid ester Fatty acid ester Fatty acid hydroxy ethyl Imidazoline... 

Some oil-soluble emulsifiers affect the crystallization process and development of polymorphic forms of fats (4-8). Sucrose fatty acid ester or sucrose polyesters (SPE) and lecithins are well-known food emulsifiers (9,10). The main characteristics of lecithins and SPE useful in food applications are their oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsifying properties, that result in dispersion with condensed milk and coffee whitener, and prevention of blooming in candy products and chocolate (7,9-11). But there are very few reports about two effects of SPE on the crystallization of fats and oils, i.e., enhancement and inhibition (12,13). 

FIC. 1. Lipase-catalyzed esterification for the production of sugar fatty acid esters in a stirred-tank membrane reactor. 1, pump 2, water bath 3, membrane reactor 4, condenser 5, permeate container 6, vacuum pump. 

Reactions of fatty acids and hydroxyalkylamines yield low purity products which are water soluble (40). They are prepared at 160—180°C while venting the water produced with 85—95% yields. Higher purity can be obtained by the reaction of fatty acid esters with hydroxyalkjiamines in the presence of alkali (41) or alkali metal oxides (42,43). These "superamides" are water insoluble and have better foam stability and rheological characteristics in aqueous dispersions. Disubstituted alkanolamides can be synthesized from many mono or dialkjdene oxide amine condensation products. More complex but commercially usefljl Lamepon, RCON(CH2)CH2COONa (44), and Igepon, RCON(CH2) 2 2 3 i es can be prepared from acylation with fatty acid chlorides. 

Pentaetythritol is made by the alkaline condensation of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. End uses for pentaeythritol are in alkyd resin production, in fatty acid esters for synthetic lubricants, and rosin and tall oil esters. 

Extension of the side chain at position 6 in 2-alkoxy-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyrans was achieved by base-catalyzed condensation of fatty acid esters with alkyl... 

Surfactants are used to control cell size and structure. The most common surfactants are siloxane-oxyalkylene copolymers, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, and the condensation products of ethylene oxide with castor oil and alkyl phenols. A commonly added additive is urea which is used as a formaldehyde scavenger. Very fine particle size inorganic fillers can be added to act as nucleating sites and to promote finer, more uniform cell structure, as well as increased compressive strength, but at a cost of higher density. 

Fatty acids can also act as the hydrophobic component of a surface-active substance by reaction of the carboxylic group with OH- or NH-containing molecules. One example of this is the class of so-called protein fatty acid condensates, which are soft to the skin and are therefore used in cosmetic products. The fatty acid esters or acid chlorides are converted to amides or esters of amino acids or sulfonic acids containing an OH-group. In this way taurates are formed by the reactions of 2-aminoethane sulfonic acid with fatty acids such as lauric, myristic or stearic acid. 

The largest class of nonionic surfactants is the polyoxyethylene condensates, but these have only a moderate effect and are not widely used. Silicone fluids may be considered as nonionic surfactants although they are used as anticaking agents for many powders, their use on fertilizers is limited due to their high cost. Other nonionic surfactants include fatty acid esters, substituted ureas, and aldehydes and ketones with low molecular weight [115,1161. 

The EMEREST/TRYDET Ethoxylated Fatty Acids and Polyethylene Glycol Fatty Acid Esters are nonionic, specialized, mono and diesters of various fatty acids. These products can be prepared by the condensation or addition of ethylene oxide to a fatty acid at the site of its active hydrogen or by esterification of the fatty acid with polyethylene glycol. The chemical composition of the monoester product is represented by the general formula R-C0-(0-CH2CH2)n-OH where "R-CO"... 

Antifogging agents prevent the condensation of moisture droplets inside film packaging that affect visibility of the plastic film. Non-ionic surfactants such as ethoxylated fatty acid esters are used. This wets the surface and runs the moisture into a continuous form. Antifogging agents, commonly used in food packaging, must meet the standards. 

There has been a resurgence in the study and use of natural surfactants in recent years. The primary reasons are that these surfactants are generally viewed as possessing the potential to have less adverse impact on the environment and to be nontoxic. Sugar fatty acid esters are one group that has been receiving renewed attention for these very reasons. Condensation of one of the reactive sugar hydroxyl functionalities with a fatty acid yields a biosurfactant that has potential application in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. 

It is important to note that methyl ester ethoxylates have been produced, primarily for the textile industry, for several years. They have been manufactured by condensing fatty acids with monomethyl-capped polyethylene glycol. This reaction, however, is more complex and more costly than direct ethoxylation [26]. 

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