Falls, injuries caused

Compressed-gas cylinders Secure to a wall or bench falling cylinders cause serious injuries. 

Occasionally, head injury causing intracerebral hemorrhage can be missed, while hemorrhagic stroke may cause a fall and subsequent head injury consequently the sequence of... 

Stems blacken at base leaves wilt plant falls over. Cause Crown or root rots. Both fungi and bacteria cause crown and root rot of delphiniums. Plants may wilt suddenly or yellow and wilt slowly. Stems and roots may turn black mold may appear. Poorly drained, overly wet soil promotes rot choose well-drained sites and add organic matter to improve drainage. Avoid injury to crowns when digging near plants keep winter mulch away from crowns. Remove and destroy infected plants wash tools used around diseased plants. Solarize the soil before replanting. 

B. Medical commanders may expect at least 10-20 percent casualties (including fatalities) within a division-size force that has experienced a retaliatory nuclear strike. This prediction only considers injury caused from the radiation, but not from secondary injuries such as displacement, falls, fire, spills, flying fragments, rolled vehicles, etc as many of the injured will be suffering combined injuries. 

The argument can be made that acute, subclinical asymptomatic injury causing long-term effects does not exist. The pros and cons will be considered in this chapter, and parallels will be drawn. Certainly chronic, snbclinical asymptomatic exposures do exist and there are parallels to other harmfnl sitnations. Obviously, workers in the mannfactnre of sulfur mustard, who were asymptomatic for part or aU of their employment, fall into this category. 

Heinrich produced some early thinking about accident prevention. He recognized the importance of unsafe acts and conditions and created a theory called the Domino Theory because Heinrich used a row of dominos to illustrate his theory. The theory states that an accident sequence is like a series of five dominos standing on end. One falling can knock the others over. The five dominos in reverse sequence are (1) an injury caused by (2) an accident, which, in turn, is caused by (3) unsafe acts or conditions. Causes for the latter are (4) undesirable traits (such as recklessness, nervousness, violent... 

Falls often cause injury. They may result from shpping, tripping, stumbling, and imbalance. They include falling from one surface to another or on the same surface where standing or walking occurs. Falls include falling objects that may strike people or objects below. 

Blocks and Stops During maintenance and setup activities, the ram on a press could fall and cause injury. It is good practice to insert a die block or safety block to prop the press open (Figure 13-17). Some presses have an attached rack to store the die block for normal operations. The rack has a switch or interlock that de-energizes the machine when the die block is not in the rack. 

The statistics indicate that the minor accidents leading to 0—3 days of absence are typically caused by materials, splinters and products (FAll 2014). A typical accident of this type is a minor eye accident, caused by a splinter or fragment released during material handling (e.g. welding). Other major injury causes involve hand tools, which may cause e.g. minor cuts and bruises. In general, accidents in maintenance operations can affect any body part, and the accidents may occur at any stage of disassembly and reassembly. 

For example, if wet waste on the floor might result in an injury caused by slipping or falling, then the SAFE behaviour would be floors to be free of wet waste. Or, if the handling of chemical X is likely to lead to injury if personal protective equipment is not worn, then the SAFE behaviour would be, eye protection and gloves to be worn when handling chemical X. IT MIGHT HELP IF YOU ... 

Falls from ladders caused 13 deaths in 2005 and a third of all major injuries caused by falls at work were due to falls from ladders (1200). Ten ladder accidents are reported to the HSE every day. 

Electric current, even as low as three milliamperes, can also cause injuries of an indirect or secondary nature in which involuntary muscle reaction from the electric shock can cause bruises, bone fractures, and even death resulting from collisions or falls. In some cases, injuries caused by electric shock can be a contributory cause of delayed fatalities. 

Injuries sustained in falling occur on a scale to merit widespread concern UK statistics for all such accidents—at work or elsewhere— indicate that falls in 1979 produced more than heilf a million serious injuries and nearly 6000 fatalities. Within the manufacturing industries that year there were 38 321 falls which caused an absence from work of more than three days and 30 fatalities. It is falls from a height (from ladders, stairs, scaffolding, etc., or from one level to another) which most commonly cause death, and these are atypical of the majority of falling accidents in the rubber industry. Indeed, within this industry fatal accidents from any cause are thankfully rare. ... 

Surface residues in confined spaces can increase the already hazardous conditions of electrical shock, reaction of incompatible materials, liberation of toxic substances, and bodily injury caused by slips and falls. Without protective clothing, additional hazards to health may arise because of surface residues. 

Components of support systems shall be securely connected together to prevent sliding, falling, kickouts, or other predictable failures, such as cave-ins, structural collapses, or injury caused by falling components. Individual components of support systems shall not be subjected to loads exceeding those which those parts were designed to withstand. 

Falling objects (such as icicles and falls) can cause fractures, bruises, lacerations, dislocations, concussion, permanent injuries or death. 

What convinced the European regulatory agencies to adopt the safety harness rather than the continued use of the body belt (a safety belt ftiat fastens around the waist) was through the analysis and use of lifelike dummies during drop tests. Additional research has shown that a motionless worker knocked unconscious in a fall could survive only briefly before being rescued if suspended only by the body belt. The belt itself could cause internal injuries and asphyxiation. In a safety harness, a worker could survive the same fall for a much longer period and would be spared most of the injuries caused by a body belt. 

As the Bedfordshire case illustrated, no action would lie for mere carelessness in the performance of a statutory duty unless there is a specific common law right of action and that action is predicated upon a common law duty of care to be established by the plaintiff. Courts cannot impose their judgment on a discretion vested in an authority because such discretion is purely for the authority to exercise and decide upon. The discretion can only be impugned if the plaintiff shows manifest unreasonableness on the part of the authority vested with discretion, making the action fall outside the purview of the discretion. In the 1990 case of Caparo Industries pic v. Dickman the court set specific standards for determining whether a challenged decision fell outside a common law duty of care. They were whether injury caused by the defendant was foreseeable was there sufficient proximity between the parties and whether the imposition of a duty of care on the authority was just, equitable and fair. ... 

A base, formed by the bacterial degradation of histidine, and present in ergot and in many animal tissues, where it is liberated in response to injury and to antigen-antibody reactions. If injected it causes a condition of shock with dilatation of many blood vessels, loss of plasma from the capillaries to the tissues and a rapid fall in blood pressure. It is normally prepared from protein degradation products. 

An LTI is a lost time incident, mentioned earlier as an accident which causes one or more days away from work. A non-LTI injury does not result in time away from work. A near hit (often called a near miss) is an incident which causes no injury, but had the potential to do so (e.g. a falling object hitting the ground, but missing personnel). An example of an unsafe act would be a poorly secured ladder, where no incident occurs, but which potentially could have been the cause of an incident. 

The explosion wind following a blast can carry persons away, causing injury as a result of their falling, tumbling over, or colliding with obstacles. This effect is referred to as a tertiary effect. 

Cause-consequence analysis serves to characterize the physical effects resulting from a specific incident and tlie impact of these physical effects on people, tlie environment, and property (causes are discussed tluoughout Cliapter 16). Some consequence models or equations (see Chapter 17) used to estimate the potential for dniiuige or injury fall into several categories. ... 

Does it provide a safe working area If in doubt, seek advice, as there are many injuries each year caused by falls or by material dropping from heights. The wearing of safety helmets is a secondary protection and should not be allowed to encourage carelessness. 

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