Mold, black

Black mold is of a particular concern regarding WPC materials due to its visibility (Fig. 13.7). 

MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS 

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Cyclo(Ala-Leu) Aspergillus niger Fungus (black mold) ... 

I headed to the shower to calm my nerves. Fat chance. The bathroom was like a House of Horrors. Can Soft Scrub residue get in your system via your feet What about the black mold dancing across our (plastic ) shower curtain And the roach bait behind the toilet The cat litter winked at me I recoiled. I brushed my teeth and almost cracked—was fluoride bad And what about my deodorant (aluminum), hydrocortisone cream (steroids), and just about every shampoo, lotion, and perfume on my shelf (all made with chemicals that have the potential to harm growing babies) Even my pedicure made me nervous, but I didn t dare risk acetone fumes to remove the poisonous polish. 

The colonies of this black mold are common on the walls and equipment of Tokaj cellars. C. cellare utilizes only volatile compounds which are present in the airspace of the cellar. Since it cannot tolerate ethanol contents above 2% (v / v), it never grows directly on the surface of wine, either sweet or dry. It has no direct impact on the quality of wine, although it beneficially influences the purity and humidity of the air in the cellar (Dittrich, 1977 Magyar, 2006, 2010). 

In addition to jetness, plastics pigmented with carbon blacks typically exhibit color undertones. Undertone in black plastics appears as a distinct blue or brown-to-orange undertone, depending on the particle size of the carbon black used. In general, in full-shade, black molded applications, fine-particle-size carbon blacks impart a bluer tone. This behavior reverses itself in tints. Large-particle-size carbon blacks impart bluer undertone. Note that the effects of fillers, polymers, and dispersion can alter the typical behavior described above. Tint strength is the relative ability of the carbon black to darken a resin colored with chromatic pigments. 

Stachybotrys chartarum (previously also called S. atrd), the fungal cause of stachybotryotoxicosis and sick building syndrome, is a black mold. There are two toxic chemo-types of S. chartarum, one elaborating highly toxic macrocyclic trichothecenes and the other less toxic atra-nones and simple, but not macrocychc, trichothecenes (Andersen et al, 2002). Exposure may be by ingestion, e.g. exposure to contaminated straw, or inhalation as when mold grows in water-damaged homes or air ducts. 

Islam, Z., Harkema, J.R., Pestka, J.J. (2006). Satratoxin G from the black mold Stachybotrys chartarum evokes olfactory sensory neuron loss and inflammation in the murine nose and hxam. Environ. Health Perspect. 114 1099-1107. 

Germinate the soaked beans for 5 days at 30°C in moist vermiculite. If the vermiculite dries out, germination will be poor. Alternatively, if it is too moist the germinating seedlings may be overrun with a black mold. Sterilization of the vermiculite is useful if mold contamination becomes serious. CASTOR BEANS ARE EXTREMELY POISONOUS AND USUALLY FATAL IF TAKEN INTERNALLY. 

Order i.— Mucorales, the black molds, mostly saphrophytic. Examples Mucor Mucedo, Rhizopus nigricans, Thamnidium,Piloholus. 

Rhizopus nigricans (Mucor stolonifer), commonly known as Black Mold or Black Bread Mold, is frequently found on bread, jellies, syrups, acetic pharmaceutical extracts and other substrata, where it forms a dense thready mycelium bearing numerous black tiny spore cases. The source of this mold is the spores, which are found in the air or water with which the attacked substratum is... 

Fig. 123-—Black mold Rhizopus nigricans). A, older plant myc, mycelia 5/> r sporangiophore sp, sporangium st, stoloniferous hypha produced by A, and giving rise at its tip to a new plant, B. Greatly enlarged. Gager.)...

Stems blacken at base leaves wilt plant falls over. Cause Crown or root rots. Both fungi and bacteria cause crown and root rot of delphiniums. Plants may wilt suddenly or yellow and wilt slowly. Stems and roots may turn black mold may appear. Poorly drained, overly wet soil promotes rot choose well-drained sites and add organic matter to improve drainage. Avoid injury to crowns when digging near plants keep winter mulch away from crowns. Remove and destroy infected plants wash tools used around diseased plants. Solarize the soil before replanting. 

Fruit with faded or gray-white, sunken patches or pits. Causes Sunscald cold injury. Green or ripe fruit can be sunscalded. Damage shows up as a large, sunken patch on the exposed side. Patches turn dry and may develop black mold. Control leaf diseases to prevent defoliation, so fruit will be shaded and protected from direct sun. Stake plants. 

The commonest molds on grapes in California are the Blue Mold, the Black Mold and the Gray Mold. Usually only one of these occurs plentifully at the same time. Which this one will be depends principally upon the temperature and humidity. In the hotter regions the Black Mold is most common during the earlier part of the vintage, later the Blue Mold takes its place. In the cooler regions only Gray and Blue Molds occur commonly. 

As a saprophyte it may attack the ripe grapes in much the same manner as the Black Mold. It occurs apparently all over California but seldom does much damage. It attacks principally second crop and late table grapes. 

Black mold (Aspergillus niger). (After Duclaux.)... 

As an example, a WPC post sleeve is shown in Figure 1.34. It was made with no added antioxidant, unlike regular post sleeves. As a result, it absorbed water in the amount of 3% per bulk material (after 24 h under water) compared with a regular value of 1%, and after some outdoor exposure developed black mold. 

Figure 13.7 Black mold as black dots on the handrail surface.

Figure 13.9 Black mold and algae on a wood-plastic composite railing post.

Fig. 13.12). There was no degradation of the rails, but the stains looked very unappealing. Microbiological tests showed that the microbes belong to black mold fungi Gonatobotryum sp. and Epicoccum sp. (see above, in Black mold section). 

Case Study 3 Black Mold due to Low Density of a Composite Material and High Moisture... 

Bonds with plastics, 142 Calcium carbonate in, 112, 141 Cellulose in, 112 Chemical composition, 112 Cost of, 112 Granules, 141 Ingredients, 141 Kaolin clay in, 112 Mold shrinkage, effect on, 142 Oil absorption, 141 Porosity, 141 Shape of particles, 142 Speciflc gravity, 142 Tensile modulus, effect on, 142, 143 Thermal expansion-contraction coefficient, 142 Biodegradable plastics, 79 Biodegradable wood-plastic composites, 91 Bioresistance, 42 Biotite, 146 Black Algae, 426 Black mold, 29, 31, 424, 429 Black panel temperature, 41, 132 Black panel thermometer, 612 Black panel, 41, 132 Bleached cellulose, 11, 14, 180 Cost, 14... 

Comments A black mold, occasional to common on enriched agar, easily separated from similarly colored molds by its unique conidia (spores). It has been claimed thatAlternaria more frequently contaminates sorghum than rye although the authors can not corroborate this statement from their experiences. 

Common Name Green Mold Black Mold... 

Aspergillus niger, the common black mold, has been cultured commercially for its ability to... 

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