Extracellular matrix components

Glycolipids have been postulated to assume structural purposes via carbohydrate-carbohydrate mediated interactions for instance by stabilizing myelin layers around axons. 

Galactosylceramide (GalCer) and cerebroside sulfate (CBS) are the predominant glycolipids found in myelin in higher vertebrates and it has been suggested that the 

Structure Type of interaction Organism/System Reference 

Acidic glycans homo/hetero Marine sponge. In vitro [11, 17] 

Glycolipids homo/hetero Different cell types [47] 

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Integrins, selectins, cadherins, claudins and other cell adhesion molecules are involved in the interaction of cells with other cells or with extracellular matrix components. Some of them also serve as receptors by inducing outside-in or additional inside-out signaling. 

Integrins constitute a large family of a (3 heterodimeric cell surface, transmembrane proteins that interact with a large number of extracellular matrix components through a metal ion-dependent interaction. The term integrin reflects their function in integrating cell adhesion and migration with the cystoskeleton. 

On the other hand, pDNA/PEI polyplexes were found to be not stable enough in the extracellular in vivo environment. Unpackaging of PEI and PEG-PEI polyplexes was observed [64, 65, 81], for example by serum proteins, soluble glycosaminoglycans, or extracellular matrix components. The situation is even worse in the case of siRNA polyplexes, where PEI polyplexes are dissociated in full human serum, as monitored by fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy [66, 67]. 

CMC (HMW)/ Chondroitin Sulfate A Chitosan CMC oilers water retention, CSA is the extracellular matrix component 17... 

Somatic motor and sensory neurons that give rise to PNS axons maintain large fractions of their total protoplasmic bulk within the CNS. Many of the extracellular matrix components and axonal guidance molecules involved in... 

The accumulation of apo(a) in the aorta wall and in saphenous vein bypass grafts in relation to Lp(a) levels was recently demonstrated (C14, R3). Subsequently, the preferential deposition of extracellular apo(a) in atherosclerotic lesions of aortic and coronary artery tissue, in conjunction with the intracellular localization of apo(a) in macrophage-derived foam cells, has been the focus of a number of studies (N6, P7, S34, S35, W17). These careful studies also demonstrated the avid binding of Lp(a) to extracellular matrix components and the colocalization of fibrin and apo(a) in atheromatous lesions (N8, W16). 

Cell surface glycoproteins/ oligosaccharides Developmental signals Extracellular matrix components Growth factors Hormones... 

Urso ML, Scrimgeour AG, Chen YW, Tthompson PD, Clarkson PM (2006) Analysis of human skeletal muscle after 48 h immobilization reveals alterations in mRNA and protein for extracellular matrix components. J Appl Physiol 101 1136-48 Wan TC, Ge Z-D, Tampo A, Mio Y, Bienengraeber MW, Tracey WR, Gross GJ, Kwok W-M, Auchampach JA (2008) The A3 adenosine receptor agonist CP-532,903 protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via the sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive potassium channel. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 324 234-243... 

Volume 245. Extracellular Matrix Components Edited by E. Ruoslahti and E. Engvall... 

Ueda, J., and Yue, B. Y. (2003). Distribution of myocilin and extracellular matrix components in the corneoscleral meshwork of human eyes. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 44, 4772-4779. 

The MMPs are a family of zinc-dependent neutral endopep-tidases that share structural domains but differ in substrate specificity, cellular sources, and inductivity (Table I). All the MMPs are important for remodeling of the extra cellular matrix and share the following functional features (/) they degrade extracellular matrix components, including fibronectin, collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and laminin, (//) they are secreted in a latent proform and require activation for proteolytic activity, (///) they contain zinc at their active site and need calcium for stability, (/V) they function at neutral pH, and (v) they are inhibited by specific tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). 

Bashey, R.I., Martinez Hernandez, A., and Jimenez, S.A. 1992. Isolation, characterization, and localization of cardiac collagen type VI. Associations with other extracellular matrix components. Circ. Res. 70 1006-1017. 

Simon-Assmann, P., Kedinger, M., De Arcangelis, A., Rousseau, V., and Simo, P. 1995. Extracellular matrix components in intestinal development. Experientia 51 883-900. 

Madani, S., De Girolamo, S., Munoz, D. M., Li, R. K., and Sweeney, G. 2006. Direct effects of leptin on size and extracellular matrix components of human pediatric ventricular myocytes. Cardiovasc. Res. 69 716-725. 

Necrotic tissue in MI is replaced by granulation tissue. Granulation tissue consists of numerous capillaries, inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and extracellular matrix components. As repair proceeds, there is a... 

Vukicevic, S. et al. 1992. Identification of multiple active growth factors in basement membrane Matrigel suggests caution in interpretation of cellular activity related to extracellular activity related to extracellular matrix components. Exp. Cell Res. 202, 1-8. 

Cell culture studies have shown that aldehydic products derived from ethanol metabolism and lipid peroxidation can increase collagen mRNA levels and enhance the expression of connective tissue proteins. Acetaldehyde is able to increase the production of several extracellular matrix components. Studies also show that hepatic stellate cells, which are the primary source of extracellular matrix, become readily activated under conditions involving enhanced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. 

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