Sensory neuron

CGRP has a wide distribution in the nervous system (19) and was the first peptide to be localized to motoneurons (124). It is also found in primary sensory neurons where it is colocalized with substance P (125). CGRP is derived from a precursor stmcturaHy related to the calcitonin precursor. The latter precursor produces two products, calcitonin itself and katacalcin, while the CGRP precursor produces one copy of CGRP (123). Like other peptides, CGRP is cleaved from its precursor by tryptic breakdown between double basic amino acid residues. 

CGRP is widely distributed throughout the peripheral and central nervous systems and is found ia sensory neurons and ia the autonomic and enteric nervous systems. In many iastances CGRP is co-localized with other neuroregulators, eg, ACh ia motor neurons, substance P, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and galanin ia sensory neurons. It is also present ia the CNS, with ACh ia the parabigeminal nucleus and with cholecystokinin (CCK) ia the dorsal parabrachial area. CGRP functions as a neuromodulator or co-transmitter. 

NS AIDs Cyclooxygenases (COX-1, COX-2) l Prostaglandins l Thromboxanes l Sensitization of sensory neurons f Inhibition of spinal neurons Nonselective gastrointestinal ulcers, perforation, bleeding, renal impairment COX-2 thrombosis, myocardial infarction, stroke... 

An effect of opening K+ channels is to hypetpolarise the primary sensory neurons. Similarly to local anaesthetics, this makes the cell less likely to produce an action potential because more depolarising stimuli are needed to overcome the block. NS 1619 is an example of this type of drug which has initially shown antitussive activity in a variety of experimental systems. 

These are a subset of sensory neurons having their cell bodies (small to medium size) in dorsal root and in cranial nerve ganglia and possessing nonmyelinated (C-type) or thinly myelinated (A-delta type) fibres. This subset of neurons express transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1, or vanilloid, or capsaicin receptor) that is excited by capsaicin, the pungent ingredient of chilli. These neurons have been classified as polymodal nociceptors because they can be excited by various noxious stimuli. 

CNG channels are expressed in retinal photoreceptors and olfactory neurons, and play a key role in visual and olfactory signal transduction. In addition, CNG channels are found at low density in some other cell types and tissues such as brain, testis, and kidney. While the function of CNG channels in sensory neurons has been unequivocally demonstrated, the role of these channels in other cell types, where expression has been observed, remains to be established. Based on their phylogenetic relationship, the six CNG channels... 

The most widely used emetic is syrup of ipecac, containing the alkaloids, emetine and cq haeline. Emetine induces vomiting by activation of sensory neurons in the vagus and sympathetic nerves to the stomach and centrally in the medulla, possibly at the CTZ. The release of serotonin and SP may be involved as 5-HT3 and NKi receptor antagonists prevent emesis induced... 

Isaacs syndrome (an acquired neuromyotonia) is caused by autoantibodies directed against 4-aminopyr-idine or a-dendrotoxin-sensitive K+ channels (Kvl.l and Kvl.6) in motor and sensory neurons. The syndromes include muscle twitching during rest, cramps during muscle contraction, impaired muscle relaxation, and muscle weakness due to hyperexcitability of peripheral motor nerves. 

Sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory neurones, chromaffin, neuroblastoma and PC 12 cells (ganglionic nAChR, typically comprised of a3,a5,(32,(34 or al subunits)... 

The epithelium covering the nasal cavity. This epithelium contains numerous cell types including the specialized olfactory sensory neurons which detect the chemical stimuli derived from smells by a specific family of G protein-coupled receptors known as olfactory receptors. 

P2X3 Sensory neurones, NTS, some sympathetic neurons 2-MeSATP>ATP>a,p-meATP>Ap4A (rapid desensitization) TNP-ATP, PPADS, A317491, NF110, lp5l, phenol red Intrinsic cation channel... 

Peripheral Gl, vascular and bronchial smooth muscle, vascular endothelium, platelets Peripheral Smooth muscle of ileum, stomach fundus (rat), uterus, vasculature, endothelium Peripheral None identified Peripheral Post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons, sensory neurons Peripheral Cardiac muscle, post-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons (myenteric plexus), esophageal and vascular smooth muscle... 

White FA, Sun J et al (2005b) Excitatory monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 signaling is up-regulated in sensory neurons after chronic compression of the dorsal root ganglion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102(39) 14092-14097... 

Westmoreland SV, Rottman JB, Williams KC, Lackner AA, Sasseville VG (1998) Chemokine receptor expression on resident and inflammatory cells in the brain of macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis. Am J Pathol 152 659-665 White FA, Sun J, Waters SM, Ma C, Ren D, Ripsch M, Steflik J, Cortiight DN, Lamotte RH, Miller RJ (2005) Excitatory monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 signaling is up-regulated in sensory neurons after chronic compression of the dorsal root ganglion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 14092-14097... 

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