Expressed oils, definition

Synonyms Oils, vegetable Vegetable oil mist Viscoleo oil Definition Expressed oil of vegetable origin consisting primarily of triglycerides of fatty acids... 

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seed oil CAS 8001-21-6 EINECS/ELINCS 232-273-9 Synonyms Helianthus annuus Helianthus annuus oil Sunflower oil Sunflower seed oil Definition Oil expressed from seeds of the sunflower, Helianthus annuus Properties Amber liq., pleasant odor, mild taste sol. in alcohol, ether, chloroform, CS2 negligible sol. in water dens. 0.924-0.926 vapor pressure very low m.p. -18 C iodine no. 125-140 sapon. no.188-194 ref. index 1.4611... 

Exceptions to the simple definition of an essential oil are, for example, gadic oil, onion oil, mustard oil, or sweet birch oils, each of which requires enzymatic release of the volatile components before steam distillation. In addition, the physical process of expression, appHed mostly to citms fmits such as orange, lemon, and lime, yields oils that contain from 2—15% nonvolatile material. Some flowers or resinoids obtained by solvent extraction often contain only a small portion of volatile oil, but nevertheless are called essential oils. Several oils are dry-distiUed and also contain a limited amount of volatiles nonetheless they also are labeled essential oils, eg, labdanum oil and balsam oil Pern. The yield of essential oils from plants varies widely. Eor example, nutmegs yield 10—12 wt % of oil, whereas onions yield less than 0.1% after enzymatic development. 

No method has been devised to estimate with complete accuracy the amount of cmde petroleum that ultimately will be produced from the world s conventional oil and gas fields. Degrees of uncertainty, therefore, should be attached to all such estimates. These uncertainties can be expressed in several ways, the most important of which is achieved by dividing a resource into various categories. Several petroleum resources classifications have been proposed, and a comprehensive discussion of them (1), as well as the definition used in the assessment of the undiscovered resources of the United States (2), have been provided. Seven commonly used categories of resources are given here. 

Roll-up. The principal means by which oily soil is removed is probably roU-up. The appHcable theory is simply the theory of wetting. In briefest outline, a droplet of oily soil attached to the substrate forms at equiUbrium a definite contact angle at the oil-sohd-air boundary line. This contact angle (Fig. 4) is the result of the interaction of interfacial forces in the three phase boundaries of the system. These interfacial forces, expressed in mN/m(= dyn/cm), or interfacial free energy values expressed in mj/m (erg/cm s) are conveniently designated 1SA iSlj subscripts relate to the Hquid-air,... 

Fig. 2. shows CNO abundance variation with temperature. Abundances are expressed in mass fractions as before and were determined from non-LTE model fits to e.g. Nil 3995 A, CII 4267 A, Oil 4367 A. Nitrogen shows an increase with increasing temperature, whereas oxygen implies a subtle decrease with increasing temperature and carbon does not display a definite trend... 

Exceptions to the simple definition of an essential oil are, for example, garlic oil, onion oil, mustard oil, or sweet birch oils, each of which requires enzymatic release of the volatile components before steam distillation. In addition, rhe physical process of expression, applied mostly to citrus fruits such as orange, lemon, and lime, yields oils that contain from 2-15% nonvolatile material. 

For the formulation of fire-retardant paints for exterior exposure, considerable work has been done with isano oil. This oil, expressed from a nut native to French Africa, foams violently when exposed to flame temperature. This foaming appears to have definite fire-retardant value. 

Essential oil Many definitions exist, referring to the odoriferous and volatile products from natural sources. Usually extracted by expression or steam distillation from a single species, producing an essential oil that corresponds to that species in chemical composition and odour. 

In this expression, he divides the number of calories generated on the lipophile side of the surfactant by the number of calories generated by the hydrophile side of the surfactant. The amount of calories reflects or implies a proportional amount of swelling of the hydrophile and the lipophile, i.e., the greater number of calories on the lipophile side, the more tendency there is to form an oil in water type of emulsion. This definition of the C.E.R. (or Cohesive Energy Ratio) parameter leads to a direct expression which ties HLB to the Cohesive Energy Density parameter directly. The expression is ... 

By definition, HLD = 0 at optimum formulation, and away from it, it is the expression of the relative surfactant affinity difference from it. Since the partition coefficient may be measured with a proper analytical technique, its variation with respect to formulation variables such as surfactant EON, oil ACN, water salinity S etc. may be determined. Such studies have been carried extensively with polyethoxylated surfactants and have shown that HLD dependence on the formulation variables has the same expression than the correlation for three-phase behaviour [35, 36]. It holds... 

The amount of heat that remains in the oil-bearing bed, expressed as a fraction or percentage of the total amount of heat either introduced into or generated within the bed over a definite time, defines the heat effectiveness of a given thermal method. It is called its thermal efficiency coefficient... 

Comparing this expression with Eq. (10), which determines the difference between the standard chemical potentials of surfactants in the aqueous and oil phases (i.e., by the definition of the free energy of the surfactant transfer from the oil phase into the aqueous phase) ... 

Definition Fixed oil expressed from the dried ripe seed of Linum usitatissimum... 

Definition Oil obtained from seeds of soya plant. Glycine soja, by extraction or expression consists of triglycerides of oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and saturated acids... 

Definition Volatile oil expressed from peel of Citrus aurantium, contg. about 90% d-limonene and citral, decyl aldehyde, methyl anthranilate, linalool, terpineol... 

Definition Fixed oil expressed from the nuts of the Brazil nut tree, Berthoietta exceisa Uses For hair treatment, bath, and massage oils in cosmetic clay masks solvent in cosmetics... 

Definition Fixed oil expressed from fresh livers of Gadus morrhua and other species of codfish, contg. vitamins A and D, omega 3 fatty acid Properties Amber thin oily liq., si. fishy odor and taste sol. in ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, carbon disulfide, petroleum ether si. sol. in alcohol negligible sol. in water dens. 0.918-0.927 iodine no. 145-180 sapon. no. 180-192 ref. index 1.4705-1.4745... 

Definition Ethyl ester of the iodinated fatty acids expressed from poppy seed oil Uses Emollient in cosmetics, slenderizing prods. 

Definition Mixture of mono, di and triglycerides expressed or extracted from menhaden, hake or similar oil-bearing fish... 

Definition Volatile oil expressed from the fresh peel of fruit of Citrus limon, contg. limonene, terpinene, phellandrene, pinene Properties Pale yel. to greenish-yel. liq., lemon peel odor and taste misc. with dehydrated alcohol, CS2, glac. acetic acid si. sol. in water dens. 0.849-0.855 (25/25 C) ref. index 1.4742-1.4755 (20 C)... 

Definition Fixed oil expressed from the dried ripe seed of Linum usitatissimum Properties Golden-yel., amber, or brown drying oil, peculiar odor, bland taste sol. in ether, chloroform, carbon disulfide, turpentine si. sol. in alcohol insol. in water dens. 0.921-0.936 m.p. -19 C b.p. 343 C iodine no. 160-200 sapon. no. 188-195 flash pt. 222 C... 

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