Sensitivity explosives

Chemical Reactivity - Reactivity with Water No reaction Reactivity with Common Materials Avoid contamination with combustible materials, various inorganic and organic acids, alkalies, alcohols, amines, easily oxidizable materials such as ethers, or materials used as accelerators in polymerizations reactions Stability During Transport Extremely explosion-sensitive to shock, heat and friction. Self-reactive Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics Not pertinent Polymerization Not pertinent inhibitor of Polymerization Not pertinent. 

J. A. Henckes, J. Kibovich, G. H. Damon, and R. W. Van Dolah, Shock-Sensitivity Studies of Liquid Systems, Preprint, Second Conference on Explosives Sensitivity, Washington, D. C, September 16-17, 1957. 

Dinitro-1-Naphthol (2,4-Dinitro-l-oxy-naphthalene). Yellow crysts, mp 139.5°. Sol in ale chlf. Prepn from naphthalene as a byproduct during nitration with dil nitric acid Hg(II) nitrate. The Lead Salt of the above can be shown as Pb[O.C loHs(N02)2]2, mw 729.57, N 7.68%, OB to C02 -76.75%. The explosive sensitivity of this salt compared to PA is 49%... 

Table 4 — PBX Type Explosives — Sensitivity and Stability Data (continuedI... 

In general terms, PETN can be characterized as a sensitive , brisant, and powerful high expl. Explosive sensitivity is a rather nebulous quantity, but there can be no doubt that PETN is a much more sensitive material than TNT, but rather less sensitive than Lead Azide. In particular, PETN requires very little priming i charge (less than 1 mg LA) to initiate its detonation. This is the characteristic that makes PETN so widely used in blasting cap base charges, in detonating cord and in boosters... 

Explosive Sensitivity of Cobalt Ammine Complexes , NOTS 1884, Navord 6639 (Oct 1957), AD 201554 (19) R.L. Carlin J.O. Edwards,... 

Tube Measurement of Explosive Sensitivity , Combstn Flame 10, 112 (1966) 6) A.A. 

The cross-dimerization reaction is very commonly employed for the manufacture of intermediates for synthetic musks, which have become an important class of perfumery chemicals. Synthetic musks have been the target of extensive research over the years due to a conservation order placed on the musk deer. Nitro musks are being steadily replaced by non-nitro polycyclic musks becau.se of technical drawbacks and health aspects of the former, which are explosive, sensitive, and virtually nonbiodegradable. Non-nitro musks, on the other hand exhibit better stability to light and alkali, and more nearly duplicate the odour of the macrocyclic musks occurring in nature. Indian musk odorants are easily soluble in alcohol and perfume compositions. They have the added advantage of non-discoloration in soap and domestic products. In view of the low price, their future in the perfume industry appears very promising. 

A titanium-containing sludge from a nitric acid bath was separated, before completely dry it exploded, killing a workman. Investigation showed the dry sludge to be a powerful explosive sensitive to heat, friction and impact, composed of about 60 40 silver nitrate titanium. 

Highly explosive, sensitive to heat, impact and friction (e.g. of a spatula when removing solid from a flask). 

With over 51% nitrogen content, it is, as expected, explosive, sensitive to impact or heating to 250°C. 

With 74% N content, it is explosive, sensitive to shock, friction or rapid heating to 121-125°C. 

The crystalline salt obtained by action of phosphine on 68% perchloric acid at —20°C is dangerously explosive, sensitive to moist air, increase in temperature, or friction [1] and cannot be dried [2],... 

It is photolytically and thermally unstable and has exploded at 25° C. It is also explosively sensitive to sudden changes in pressure, as occur on expansion into a vacuum or in surging during boiling [1], It also ignites in air [2],... 

Contact of acetylene with the nitrate solution gives mercury acetylide, an explosive sensitive to heat, friction or contact with sulfuric acid. 

The endothermic nitride is susceptible to explosive decomposition on friction, shock or heating above 100°C [1], Explosion is violent if initiated by a detonator [2], Sensitivity toward heat and shock increases with purity. Preparative precautions have been detailed [3], and further improvements in safety procedures and handling described [4], An improved plasma pyrolysis procedure to produce poly (sulfur nitride) films has been described [5], Light crushing of a small sample of impure material (m.p. below 160°C, supposedly of relatively low sensitivity) prior to purification by sublimation led to a violent explosion [6] and a restatement of the need [4] for adequate precautions. Explosive sensitivity tests have shown it to be more sensitive to impact and friction than is lead azide, used in detonators. Spark-sensitivity is, however, relatively low [7],... 

There seems to be a noticeable difference in the Ball Drop Impact results and this could be attributed to the inherent error associated with this relatively crude test for instance, the manner and precise location, at which the steel ball impacts the explosive particles can vary and lead to inconsistent results. Friction and electrostatic sensitivity was consistent across all of our batches of DBX-1 as well as PSEMC DBX-1 (Table 3) In terms of determining the effectiveness of a primary explosive, sensitivity tests results are generally only predictive in how to safely handle the material in order to determine if the explosive is practical or not, performance tests need to be done to see how well the material behaves in actual items, such as detonators. 

Most of the isolated diacyl (including sulfonyl) peroxides are solids with relatively low decomposition temperatures, and are explosive, sensitive to shock, heat or friction. Several, particularly the lower members, will detonate on the slightest disturbance. Autocatalytic (self-accelerating) decomposition, which is promoted by tertiary amines, is involved [1]. Solvents suitable for preparation of safe solutions of diacetyl, dipropionyl, diisobutyryl and di-2-phenylpropionyl peroxides are disclosed [2], The class is reviewed, including hazards and safety measures [3], Cyclic diacyl peroxides are more stable, but scarcely to be trusted. Individually indexed compounds are ... 

Lerom, M. W. et al., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1974, 19, 389-392 Several difluoroaminopolynitro derivatives of stilbene, biphenyl, terphenyl and their precursors are explosives, sensitive to initiation by impact, shock, friction or rapid heating. 

Several fluorodinitro compounds of methane (1,1,1-) and ethane (1,2,2-) are described as explosive, sensitive to initiation by impact, shock, friction or other means [1]. Procedures for safe handling of fluorine and explosive fluoronitro compounds are detailed [2],... 

Booster-Gap Explosive Sensitivity Test of Cole Edwards, described in detail in USP 2832213(1958) (Ref 17). It was claimed to be more reliable and less ex. pensive than the card test (See after "card-gap test") and the three-legged table test, described here after "shock-pass-heat-filter test . The "booster-gap test serves for evaluating shock sensitivity of liquid explosives. It includes a set of snug-fitting telescopic cardboard tubes (ca 1 inch diam) and a cylindrical wooden block for holding the electric blasting cap, Tetryl booster pellet, circular spacer cards, and the cup with liquid explosive (to test) fit compactly in the cardboard tubes when... 

O. Murata, JlndExplSocJapan 17, 102-11 (1956) 8 CA 50, 17454(1956) (Deton by influence) 16) G.R. McVey St V.M. Boyle, "Sympathetic Detonation in Composition B Induced by Air Shock from Pentolite and from Composition B , BRL Rept 1048(1956) 16a) PATR 2510(1958), p Ger 52 (Four-cartridge test) 17) J.B. Cole, G.D. Edwards St T.K. Rice, USP 2832213(1958) (Booster-gap explosive sensitivity test claimed to give more reliable results than the "card and "three-legged table tests) 18) Cook (1958), 189-90 (Designation of "donor St "receptor and "shock-pass-heat-filter method) 194-97 (Deton by influence - testing by air-gap method and a brief discussion on testing thru gap filled with water, mud or solids some theoretical discussion on deton by influence) ... 

Joyner et al, "Explosive Sensitivity of Cobalt Ammine Azides , Nature 196, No 4893(1962) 8) M.M. Braidech, "National... 

There is a great deal of evidence that most explosive sensitivity phenomena are understandable in terms of the thermal decomposition of the explosive involved. Some of the early work on the interpretation of impact and friction sensitivity of explosives in terms of thermal effects is excellently summarized by Bowden Yoffe (Ref 1). More recent studies which also include investigations of irradiation of explosives by nuclear particles and ionizing radiations are also reviewed by these authors (Ref 2), and by Bowden (Ref 7)... 

It is common knowledge that a blow (impact) can initiate explosion in certain substances usually referred to as explosives. Aside from superficial statements, such as the one above, the subject of impact initiation (also called impact sensitivity) of explosives has been shrouded in myth, confusion misinformation. Until recently, more time money has been invested, with less return on the investment, in studying impact sensitivity than any other aspects of explosion sensitivity. This was most aptly stated in the following quotation (Ref 4)... 

Primary high explosive A high explosive sensitive to heat, shock, spark, and/or friction. 

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