Musk odor

Musk fragrances Musk odor Musk Oil Muskol MuskTibetine [145-39-1] Muslin Mussels Mustard... 

Acetyl cedrene (95) is obtained by the acetylation of the hydrocarbon fraction, a-cedrene [469-61-4] (91). The product has a woody, warm-ambergris, and musk odor, and many types of products are available (189). 

The cross-dimerization reaction is very commonly employed for the manufacture of intermediates for synthetic musks, which have become an important class of perfumery chemicals. Synthetic musks have been the target of extensive research over the years due to a conservation order placed on the musk deer. Nitro musks are being steadily replaced by non-nitro polycyclic musks becau.se of technical drawbacks and health aspects of the former, which are explosive, sensitive, and virtually nonbiodegradable. Non-nitro musks, on the other hand exhibit better stability to light and alkali, and more nearly duplicate the odour of the macrocyclic musks occurring in nature. Indian musk odorants are easily soluble in alcohol and perfume compositions. They have the added advantage of non-discoloration in soap and domestic products. In view of the low price, their future in the perfume industry appears very promising. 

A prediction set of 19 compounds (see Table 2) was used to assess the predictive ability of the 15 molecular descriptors identified by the pattern recognition GA. We chose to map the 19 compounds directly onto the principal component plot defined by the 312 compounds and 15 descriptors. Figure 5 shows the prediction set samples projected onto the principal component map. Each projected compound lies in a region of the map with compounds that bare the same class label. Evidently, the pattern-recognition GA can identify molecular descriptors that are correlated to musk odor quality. 

Figure 5 suggests that nitrated and nitro-free musks have common structural features that can be used to differentiate them from nonmusks. We consider this to be a significant result. Fragrance chemists have long sought to find the overlap between nitrated and nitro-free musks in terms of the structural features that a compound must possess in order to evoke a musk odor. Further-... 

Ham, C. L. and Jurs, P. C. (1985) Structure activity studies of musk odorants using pattern recognition monocyclic nitrobenzenes. Chem. Senses 10, 491-502. 

C12H15N3O6, Mr 291.21, mp 114°C, does not occur in nature. It forms yellow crystals with a persistent musk odor. Musk xylol is prepared by alkylation of m-xylene with isobutene and subsequent nitration with a sulfuric acid nitric acid... 

C14H18N2O5, Mr 294.31, mp 137 °C, does not occur in nature. It forms yellowish crystals with a sweet, very persistent, slightly animal musk odor. Musk ketone is prepared by Friedel Crafts acetylation of l,3-dimethyl-5-tert-butylbenzene, and nitration of the resulting 2,6-dimethyl-4-/cr/-butylacetophenone with nitric acid. 

Uses. 15-Pentadecanolide is a highly valuable fragrance material that is used in fairly large amounts in fine fragrances as a fixative with a delicate musk odor. FCT 1975 (13) p.787. 

The constituents responsible for the musk odor of the oil are (Z)-7-hexadecen-16-olide [123-69-3] (ambrettolide) and (Z)-5-tetradecen-14-olide [63958-52-1]. ... 

One of the more powerful manipulation commands in MAECIS is COMPARE which allows the current molecule to be superimposed upon the alternate molecule. This is accomplished in the following steps. First, the user specifies the atom pairs in the two structures which are to be overlapped. At least three pairs of atoms must be specified. The program then performs a nonlinear least-squares calculation to minimize the distance between these atom pairs. Finally, the user specifies that the molecules are to be drawn superimposed upon each other. The superimposed molecules can be drawn with any of the options available with the DRAW command. An illustration of this is contained in Figure 2 where two musk odorants are compared. Thus, a chemist can obtain an idea of the structural similarity of any two molecules. 

N 13.50% pale yel stout ndlsffrom MeOH), having a musk odor, mp 75 76.5° was prepd by nitrating 3-(tert-butyl)-5-ethyltoluene. No expl props of this compd were detd Refs l)Beil-not found 2 )M.S.Carp enter W.M. Easter,]OC 19, 88,94(1954) CA 49, 3043(1955)... 

A glass rod, dipped in the solution, acquired and retained the musk odor for an hour or more after the solvent and other volatile compounds had evaporated. 136... 

Silicon analogues 124 of the powerful musk odorant Versalide 123 were synthesized by a cobalt-catalyzed cyclization of l,2-bis(ethynyldi-methylsilyl)ethane (101) and alkynes (07OM1295) (Scheme 24). 

Polycyclic musk fragrances (PMFs) are indane and tetraline derivatives with different substituents [361 a]. These chemicals with strong musk odor are used as fragrances in cosmetics and laundry detergents and are of great industrial importance. According to a study of the fragrance industry in 1987 the world-... 

Hesse has described an exaltolide (cyclopentadecanolide) (134 Scheme 42) synthesis starting from the readily available 2-cyanocyclododecanone (130). The latter is converted to the quaternary ammonium salt (131), which undergoes fragmentation under mild conditions to provide the lactone (133) via the lactole anion (132). The methylene compound (133) exhibits similar musk odor, as does (134). 

Ishikawa Y, Kishi K. Molecular orbital approach to possible discrimination of musk odor intensity. Int J Quantum Chem 2000 79 109-119. 

C14H22O, Mr 206.33, is not found in nature. It is a pale yellow liquid, < ° 0.954-0.962, 1.497-1.502, with a long-lasting diffusive, conifer-like musk odor. A... 

C16H30O, Mr 238.41, mp 66 °C, white, crystalline solid with a clean musk odor with a slight nitro musk and a soft muscone-like note. It is recommended as a very stable and substantive musk note for beauty care and fabric care perfumes. Cyclohexadecanone is known as a minor constituent of civet absolute (see p. 185) [125d],... 

Ci6H280, Mr 236.40, viscous clear, colorless to slightly yellow liquid with an elegant, fine, erogenous musk odor with a unique, sweet-powdery nitro musk undertone and balsamic, tobacco-like shades. 

Ci6H2g02, Mt 252.40, is not reported as being found in nature, in contrast to (Z)-7-hexadecen-16-olide, which occurs in ambrette seed oil (see p. 182) and which is also referred to as ambrettolide. It is a colorless to slightly yellow liquid, re 0 0.949 -0.957, re 0 1.477-1.482, with an intense and powerful musk odor. It is prepared by treating aleuritic acid (9,10,16-trihydroxyhexadecanoic acid) with trimethyl... 

C15H26O4, Mr 270.37, bp y kpa 140 °C, d%° 1.0180, rv 1.4702, is an artificial fragrance material, with a sweetish, slightly fatty, musk odor. Like the previous compound, the ester is obtained by depolymerization of the corresponding polyester. Traditionally, brassylic acid (1,13-tridecanedioic acid) is prepared by ozonolysis of erucic acid [208] ... 

The presentation of the ET method is prefaced by a brief review of the existing QSAR methods and is followed by examples of its applications to musk and garlic fragrance activity, inhibitors of a-chymotrypsin and thymidine phos-phorylase, and plant growth regulators. The prediction probability, as for example in the case of musk odor, is greater than 90%. 

Several problems solved by the ET method are illustrated in this section. The first one, the origin of musk odor, is given in more detail to illustrate the possibilities of the method. 

Figure 4 Two electronic and topological features 1 and II discovered to be able to classify compounds as to whether or not they stimulate musk odor. Both features are present in compounds exhibiting the odor.

Based on the results of the ET investigation, the following rules of musk odor can be formulated ... 

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