Explosives types

Lewis, D. J. 1981. Estimating damage from aerial explosion type incidents—Problems with a detailed assessment and an approximate method. Euromech 139. Aberystwyth (UK). 

The maximum explosion pressure is a function of and is directly proportioiuil to die initial pressure. Blast waves are pressure waves of finite amplitude tliat are generated in air by a rapid release in energy and an instantaneous rise in pressure. The most conunon plant explosion types eiicomitered in iiidustiy are chemical, nuclear, expanding vapors, and pressurized gas. 

The properties of liquid metals can cause flow instability (oscillation) because of vapor pressure—temperature relationship. Most liquid metals, especially alkali metals, show a greater change in saturation temperature, corresponding to a given change of pressure, than does water. In a vertical system under gravitational force, the change of static pressure could appreciably alter the saturation temperature such that explosion -type flow oscillation would occur that would result in liquid... 

Explosive type Energy Streaming Velocity Velocity of detonation (m s ) ... 

The design of propellants for solid fuel rockets differs considerably from that for ordnance, because of the lower operating pressures, usually below 15 MPa. To understand the principles involved it is first necessary to give a brief account of rocket propulsion. In this account considerations will be restricted to motors based on solid propellants. Motors based on liquid fuels, such as petroleum fractions and liquid oxygen, depend on combustion processes of non-explosive type. 

This section deals with door design for resistance against an accidental explosion. Types and applications of blast resistant doors are discussed, and design approaches arc provided. 

Although there is a wide range of explosions types, vapor cloud explosions are a primary concern in the petrochemical industry. Because there are no codes or industry standards for determining what blast overpressures should be used, the design blast loads are usually supplied by the facility owner. Considering the wide variety of processes, it is easy to understand why these overpressures will be different from one owner to the next and even for different locations within a single facility. Sonic owners have several hazard levels which are used to classify different plant arcas. These hazard levels are based on the material handled and the process used. 

The regional temperature variations, rainfall, patterns, groundwater flow characteristics, explosive type, explosive concentration, presence of other contaminants, land value, and other regulatory requirements can affect the wetland s cost. Constructed wetlands may not be financially viable at aU sites (D20499J, p. 2 D20503Y, p. 30). 

Bombs and Shells as replacement for Shimose (melting at high temp of 122.5°). Was also used for composite expls A (ko) or Type A (Explosive), described here as Otsu-B Type 2 (Explosive), described as B4 (Incendiary) E (Explosive) Type 98 (Explosive), described here as H2 Kongo Type 94M (Navy) and some other expl compns (Ref 1, p 32, Ref 5, p 377 and Vol 1 of Encycl, pp A450—451, under Anisole)... 

Due to its long, thin shape, there is a lack of rigidity, and the flechette turns into a hook on impact with the target. It becomes totally unstable and imparts its full kinetic energy to die target, producing an explosive-type wound... 

Fig. 145. Change in the power of explosives on storage [71] /—ammonia gelatin, type B with 35% NG //—ammonium nitrate explosive, type II with 6% NG and 76%...

Burrowite, DBX, Dentex German Fillers Nos 15, 19, 105, 109, 110Sc. 13-113 BBX, Hexa, Hexamit Japanese Explosives Types 1, 2, 88 92 Minex, Minol, Minol 2,. Nitra-mite, Nitrobaronil, Nobel 704, Novit Pentonal, Sevranite, Sofranex A, Torpex-2,... 

Vibrational mode assignment Explosive (type) Wavenumbers (cm x)... 

Uses For producing smoke the latter can be made more dense by combination with ammonia vapors. Employed in airplane exhaust smoke, in explosive type of munitions, or by spraying. 

DNB is colorless to yellowish oily liquid with similar to propertiestoTBA and TNB. It is a high-energy plasticizer with excellent resistances shock, friction, and percussion, and is even more stable then TBA or TNB. It is widely used in explosives compositions of the plastic explosive and flexible sheet explosive type. 4,4-DNB is widely used in many appl i cati ons—see TBA. ... 

Generally, explosions liave an identifiable accidental, natural, or intentional cause. Table 7.4.4 lists a nmiiber of explosion sources according to tliese tliree categories. Extensive calculational details on a host of explosion types is available in tlie literauture. ... 

Figure 29.4. Crater radius versus charge weight for a broad range of explosives types and weights.

Now let us look at the effect of explosive type. Using data from Refs. 31 and 32, the soil type was adjusted and compensated for as just shown. These data were for four explosives TNT, Composition C-4, PETN (in prima cord) and ANFO. Having corrected all of the data to equivalent craters in NTS alluvium, the ratio K was then calculated for each point [Eq. (29.2)]. The mean value for K for each type of explosive was then plotted against that explosive s CJ pressure. The results are shown in Figure 29.6. This resulted in the linear relationship ... 

Use the scaling data for surface bursts to scale crater dimensions for aboveground bursts. Correct these data for ground medium and explosive type, but also correct the explosive equivalent weight by the ratio of percent energy coupled at height of burst to 33% (% coupled at HOB = 0). Combined with the equation shown in Figure 29.6, this becomes... 

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