Gold-accumulation

Adverse effects resulting from gold-accumulation in tissues can include lesions of the mucous membranes, skin eruptions varying from erythema to severe exfoliative dermatitis, proteinuria and nephrosis. A serious hematologic reaction is aplastic anemia. A rather high incidence of gastrointestinal disturbances is seen in patients on auranofin. 

Auranofin is a triethylphosphine gold derivative for oral administration. It is in some respects strikingly different from the rest. Some 25% of an oral dose is absorbed through the intestinal wall and blood concentrations are some 15-25% of those reached with parenteral therapy. Auranofin is bound to cellular elements of the blood, is excreted mainly in the feces, and exhibits less tissue retention and total body gold accumulation than parenteral forms. It is more effective in acute inflammatory models and is a potent inhibitor of lysosomal enzyme release, antibody-dependent cellular toxicity, and superoxide production. Auranofin also affects humoral and cellular immune reactions. However, some have found auranofin to be rather less effective than parenteral gold. Auranofin is used in doses of 2-9 mg/day (generally 6 mg/day), which is less than the dose originally recommended. 

Lethal and sublethal effects of Au, Au+, and Au+ are summarized for aquatic organisms and laboratory mammals. Gold accumulations from solution are documented for microorganisms and other living resources under various physicochemical conditions. 

Geranium, Geranium spp., 7 Gold accumulator plant Artemisia persia, 332 Prangos popularia, 332 Stripa spp., 332 Gram, Cicer arietinum, 50 Grass... 

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