Evaluation of characteristics

Potential explosion phenomena include vapor cloud explosions (VCEs), confined explosions, condensed-phase explosions, exothermic chemical reactions, boiling liquid expanding vapor explosions (BLEVEs), and pressure-volume (PV) ruptures. Potential fire phenomena include flash fires, pool fires, jet fires, and fireballs. Guidelines for evaluating the characteristics of VCEs, BLEVEs, and flash fires are provided in another CCPS publication (Ref. 5). The basic principles from Reference 5 for evaluating characteristics of these phenomena are briefly summarized in this appendix. In addition, the basic principles for evaluating characteristics of the other explosion and fire phenomena listed above are briefly summarized, and references for detailed evaluation of characteristics are provided. 

Evaluation of characteristics of safety withdrawal of prescription drugs from worldwide pharmaceutical markets — 1960 to 1999. Drug Information Journal, 35, 293-317. 

Fujii, K., Nakano, J., Shindo, M., (1995), Evaluation of characteristic properties of a newly developed graphite material with a SiC/C composition gradient , Proc. 3rd Lit. Symp. on Structural and Functionally Gradient Materials, ed. B. Ilschner and N. Cherradi, Lausanne, Switzerland, pp. 541-547. 

Kiang, Y.-S. and Tang, A.-C. (1986). A Graphical Evaluation of Characteristic Polynomials of Hiickel lirees. Int.J. Quant. Chem., 29,229-240. 

An understanding of the general hydraulics of a static contactor is necessary for estimating the diameter and height of the column, as this affects both capacity and mass-transfer efficiency. Accurate evaluations of characteristic drop diameter, dispersed-pnase holdup, slip velocity, and flooding velocities usually are necessary. Fortunately, the relative simplicity of these devices facilitates their analysis and the approaches taken to modeling performance. 

Y.-S. Kiang and A.-C. Tang, A graphical evaluation of characteristic polynomials of Huckel trees, Int. J. Quantum Chem. 29 (1986) 229-240. 

An important task of practical impedance measurements is to identify the frequency ranges for correct evaluation of characteristic parameters of an analyzed sample, such as bulk-media resistance capacitance and interfacial impedance. These parameters can be respectively evaluated by measuring the current inside the cell of known geometry, especially in the presence of uniform electric field distributions. For instance, many practical applications often report "conductivity" of materials (o), the parameter inversely proportional to the bulk-material resistivity p and resistance Rgy x soi)- permittivity parameter e, determined from capacitance measurements and Eq. 1-3, is another important property of analyzed material. 

Knowledge of their qu nt ty tjieir distribution by number of carbon atoms is Indispensable for the evaluation of low temperature behavior of diesel motor fuels as well as the production and transport characteristics of paraffinic crudes. 

There is some uncertainty connected with testing techniques, errors of characteristic measurements, and influence of fectors that carmot be taken into account for building up a model. As these factors cannot be evaluated a priori and their combination can bring unpredictable influence on the testing results it is possible to represent them as additional noise action [4], Such an approach allows to describe the material and testing as a united model — dynamic mathematical model. 

In a different field, location, and characteristics of ci s on diabatic potential surfaces have been recognized as essential for the evaluation of dynamic parameters, like non-adiabatic coupling terms, needed for the dynamic and... 

Isotherms of Type 111 and Type V, which are the subject of Chapter 5, seem to be characteristic of systems where the adsorbent-adsorbate interaction is unusually weak, and are much less common than those of the other three types. Type III isotherms are indicative of a non-porous solid, and some halting steps have been taken towards their use for the estimation of specific surface but Type V isotherms, which betoken the presence of porosity, offer little if any scope at present for the evaluation of either surface area or pore size distribution. 

The superpositioning of experimental and theoretical curves to evaluate a characteristic time is reminiscent of the time-tefnperature superpositioning described in Sec. 4.10. This parallel is even more apparent if the theoretical curve is drawn on a logarithmic scale, in which case the distance by which the curve has to be shifted measures log r. Note that the limiting values of the ordinate in Fig. 6.6 correspond to the limits described in Eqs. (6.46) and (6.47). Because this method effectively averages over both the buildup and the decay phases of radical concentration, it affords an experimentally less demanding method for the determination of r than alternative methods which utilize either the buildup or the decay portions of the non-stationary-state free-radical concentration. 

Comparing two or more complex alternatives is more difficult than examining equipment capacity or first cost. Characteristics of alternatives should be weighted for relative importance and measured on a common scale to aEow proper evaluation. Many characteristics such as first cost, capacity, space requirement, and annual energy use can be measured objectively and used for system comparisons. Experience has shown that items such as maintenance expense, component life, and downtime can also be rehably estimated. Other factors, eg, system maintainabEity, flexibEity, and comfort, are more arbitrary. 

Evaluating the Characteristics of Vapor Cloud Explosions, Elash Eires, and BLEVEs Technical Management of Chemical Process Safety (Corporate)... 

ISO 1658 Natural Bubber - Test Recipes and Evaluation of Vulcanisation Characteristics, International Oiganization foi Standaidization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1973. 

Inflated Diaphragm Method (ASTM D3886). This method is appHcable both to woven and knitted fabrics. The specimen is abraded by mbbing either unidirectionally or multidirectionally against an abradant having specified surface characteristics. The specimen is supported by an inflated mbber diaphragm under a constant pressure. Evaluation of abrasion resistance can be either by determination of the number of cycles required to wear through the center of the fabric completely or by visual examination of the specimens after a specified number of cycles. 

Years of development have led to a standardized system for objective evaluation of fabric hand (129). This, the Kawabata evaluation system (KES), consists of four basic testing machines a tensile and shear tester, a bending tester, a compression tester, and a surface tester for measuring friction and surface roughness. To complete the evaluation, fabric weight and thickness are determined. The measurements result in 16 different hand parameters or characteristic values, which have been correlated to appraisals of fabric hand by panels of experts (121). Translation formulas have also been developed based on required levels of each hand property for specific end uses (129). The properties include stiffness, smoothness, and fullness levels as well as the total hand value. In more recent years, abundant research has been documented concerning hand assessment (130—133). 

The former usually involves process temperature or isolation. Sohds surface characteristics are important in that they control the extent to which an operation is diffusion-limited, i.e., diffusion into and out of the pores of a given sohds particle, not through the voids among separate particles. The size of the solids parti(des, the surface-to-mass ratio, is also important in the evaluation of surface characteristics and the diffusion problem. 

The evaluation of metrological characteristics of the technique, perfonued with minerals of different composition, showed that technique developed for reliability and precision satisfies the requirements offered for quantitative determinations, category II. The detection limits are acceptable for solving the problems posed and amount to 0.1 - 0.4 wt. %, depending on the element analyzed. 

Table 4 allows a generic identification of the various technology options suitable for treating wastes based on their hazardous characteristics and physical form Table 4 also identifies the kinds of data which must be collected to perform a valid evaluation of those technologies. The physical treatment data needs for different media shown in Table 5 are typically required in addition to those presented in Table 4. 

Is PPE selected based on an evaluation of performance characteristics of the PPE relative to requirements and limitations of the site, task-specific conditions and duration, and hazards and potential hazards identified ... 

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