European environmental policies

Institute for European Environmental Policy, London, United Kingdom John Fawell... 

The Impact of the Pioneers on EU Environmental Policy, European Environmental Policy The Pioneers, Eds., M.S. Andersen and D. Liefferink, Manchester University Press, Manchester, UK, 1997, p.l. 

Thomas Dworak Ecologic Institute for International and European Environmental Policy, Pfalzburger Strasse 43/44, 10717 Berlin, Germany... 

Frieder, R., Ftankl, P., 2005. Future of Eco-labelling Making Environmental Product Information Systems Effective. GBR Greenleaf Publishing, Sheffield, South Yorkshire. Gallastegui, I., 2002. The use of eco-labels a review of the literature. European Environment The Journal of European Environmental Policy (Wiley) 12(6), 316—331. http //dx.doi.org/ 10.1002/eet.304. 

Brink, P.T., Lutchman, I., Bassi, S., Speck, S., Sheavly, S. et al (2009) Guidelines on the Use of Market-based Instruments to Address the Problem of Marine Litter, Brussels Institute for European Environmental Policy (lEEP). 

The EU has shown interest in LCA as a tool in product policies. An inte-gtated product policy (IPP) is being developed in which LCA plays an important role. The EU has shown interest in LCA in its support for research in the ELI framework programs, in directives where LCA is mentioned, and in LCA information by the European Environmental Agency, EEA. 

Many policies and practices have been adopted by European countries for the management of contaminated sites. Information about the various national polices, the technical approaches for risk assessment, and the progress of rehabilitation activities in Europe has been compiled in the framework of two European networks—CARACS (Concerted Action for Risk Assessment for Contaminated Sites) and CLARINET (Contaminated Land Rehabilitation Network for Environmental Technologies)—which were funded by the European Commission. A detailed description of European national policies can be found in relevant publications2 3 and in the CLARINET website (http //www.clarinet.at). 

In what is being called the most far-reaching overhaul of European Union environmental policy ever, the European Commission released a draft policy proposal on May 7 that, if enacted, would require virtually all manufacturers of chemicals to provide risk assessments and other information regarding products they sell or ship into the EU. Chemicals would also have to be registered with the EC and many downstream users of products that contain chemical entities would have to file paperwork as well. The Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals, or REACH, proposal would apply to approximately 30,000 new and existing chemicals, and test data would have to be developed on some 5000 specific chemical entities, many of which have been commonly used for decades. EUROPEAN COMMISSION... 

The European Union (EU) environmental policy has put water protection and its sustainable management high on its agenda, reflected by the European Water Framework Directive (WFD), which is now in its implementation phase. 

In 2000, the European Commission issued a communication on the precautionary principle (EU 2000), in which it adopted a procedure for the application of this concept. The precautionary principle is not defined in the treaty, which prescribes it only once - to protect the environment. But in practice, its scope is much wider, beyond that of environmental policy, and, specifically where preliminary objective scientific evaluation, indicates that there are reasonable grounds for concern that the potentially dangerous effects on the environment, human, animal, or plant health may be inconsistent with the high level of protection chosen for the Community. The precautionary principle is implemented, for example, in the EU food law and also affects, among others, policies relating to consumer protection, trade and research, and technological development. 

EU (2008). Marine Strategy Framework Directive, Directive 2008/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 estabhshing a framework for community action in the field of marine environmental policy. Directive 2008/56/EC. 

Behrens A (2004) Environmental policy instruments for dematerialisation of the European Union. SERI Background Papers, No 7. Sustainable Europe Research Institute, Vienna EUROSTAT (2001) Economy-wide material flow accounts and derived indicators. A methodological guide. Statistical Office of the European Union, Luxembourg Giljum S (2006) Material flow-based indicators for evaluation of eco-efficiency and dematerialisation policies. In Lawn P (ed) Sustainability indicators in Ecological Economics. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham... 

Macro-trend towards sustainable environmental protection and social responsibility opens up, e. g., opportunities for marketing reaching companies participating in Chemical Leasing Increasing tightening of European chemicals policy (REACH)... 

Oenema, O., Kros, H. and de Vries, W. 2003. Approaches and uncertainties in nutrient budgets implications for nutrient management and environmental policies. European Journal of Agronomy 20 3-16. 

In a description of environmental problems, the coherence between processes in all compartments and organisms belonging to the compartments should be considered. Environmental policy in the past was often focused on a single compartment there was no international agreement on the selection of criteria for priority pollutants (I). This situation is illustrated by the number of priority pollutants selected by authorities in the European community and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The European community lists 126 priority pollutants, and the USEPA lists 114 59 pollutants are common to both lists (I). 

The ENVforum is advised by a steering committee of representatives from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Secretariat, the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the European Environmental Agency (EEA), Earth Council Asia-Pacific, the Regional Institute of Environmental Technology, the International Climate Policy Research Group, Zurich University, DG Environment of the European Commission and KEHATI-the Indonesian Biodiversity Foundation. The Research Centre for Sustainable Development of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) joined the steering committee in 2005. 

Heyvaert, Veerle (2006) Guidance without constraint assessing the impact of the precautionary principle on the European Community s chemicals policy. In Etty, T (ed) Yearbook of European Environmental Law, vol 6. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 

Vogel, David (1997) Trading up and governing across transnational governance and environmental protection. Journal of European Public Policy 4 556. 

Andonova, Liliana B. (2004) Transnational Politics of the Environment The European Union and Environmental Policy in Central and Eastern Europe. MIT Press, Cambridge. 

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