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Europe 448 Subject

The main justification for diesel fuel desulfurization is related to particulate emissions which are subject to very strict rules. Part of the sulfur is transformed first into SO3, then into hydrated sulfuric acid on the filter designed to collect the particulates. Figure 5.21 gives an estimate of the variation of the particulate weights as a function of sulfur content of diesel fuel for heavy vehicles. The effect is greater when the test cycle contains more high temperature operating phases which favor the transformation of SO2 to SO3. This is particularly noticeable in the standard cycle used in Europe (ECE R49). [Pg.254]

In unalloyed steel containers formamide discolors slowly during shipment and storage. Both copper and brass are also subject to corrosion, particularly in the presence of water. Lead is less readily attacked. Aluminum and stainless steel are resistant to attack by formamide and should be used for shipping and storage containers where the color of the product is important or when metallic impurities must be minimized. Formamide attacks natural mbber but not neoprene. As a result of the solvent action of formamide, most protective paints and finishes are unsatisfactory when in contact with formamide. Therefore, formamide is best shipped in containers made of stainless steel or in dmms made of, or coated with, polyethylene. Formamide supphed by BASF is packed in Lupolen dmms (230 kg) or Lupolen canisters (60 kg) both in continental Europe and overseas. [Pg.509]

Technical and trade organi2ations are concerned with safety and the environment. The Chlorine Institute in North America and Euro Chlor in Western Europe are examples of organi2ations dedicated to the safe production, transport, and use of chlorine. Ha2ard and operabiHty studies (HAZOP) reviews for new designs, plants, and expansions (135) have become required by poHcy in many operating companies. Papers on safety and environmental subjects are given at most technical meetings (136—138). [Pg.82]

Nepeta (Lamiaceae) is a genus of perennial or annual herbs found in Asia, Europe and North Africa. About 250 species of Nepeta are reported of which, 67 species are present in Iran. Some species of this genus are important medicinal plants and their extracts have been used for medicinal purposes. Aerial parts of Nepeta sintenisii Bornm. was subjected to hydrodistillation and the chemical composition of isolated essential oil has been analyzed by GC/MS method for first time. Identification of components of the volatile oil was based on retention indices relative to n-alkanes and computer matching with the Wiley275.L library, as well as by comparison of the fragmentation patterns of the mass spectra with those reported in the literature. [Pg.232]

Europe, the USA and Japan are under way. In these studies, semen analysis methodology and subject selection criteria have been standardised to address whether there are region-specific differences in semen quality. These data can then be used as a reference point for any studies on future decline in sperm counts. More importantly, it still remains to be demonstrated whether the reported decrease in semen quality is sufficient to compromise fertility. [Pg.85]

Under US regulations, each institution conducting research with human subjects must have its own IRB. These perform the same functions as the Independent Ethics Committees in Europe, and should contain at least five members, one of which should be independent of the institution. There should be available a mixture of scientific and non-scientific expertise capable of assessing research proposals from legal, ethical and scientific perspectives. The IRB must grant written authorisation to the investigator before a study can commence. They are also responsible for on-going reviews of research, and must report to the FDA ... [Pg.91]

The sponsor is obliged to submit safety reports for SUSAR events to the same timelines as apply in Europe. They must also report within 15 days any findings from animal studies that would suggest an increased risk to human subjects, such as carcinogenidty or mutagenidty. [Pg.94]

The initial decision—often called the VICOM decision after the applicant for the patent—was followed by further decisions of the Boards of Appeal that opened the way for the patenting of inventions implemented by means of computers. The reasoning behind these decisions has often been adopted by courts in other countries (not only in Europe, but elsewhere). The German Supreme Court, for example, has explicitly stated that the application of computers in chemistry or biology is acceptable patentable subject matter [14]. [Pg.706]

The methods EN 1528 1996 and EN 12393 1998 comprise a range of old multiresidue methods of equal status, which are widely accepted throughout Europe. These are, e.g., the Luke method and the German Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) methods S8 and S19 ° (all based on extraction with acetone), the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) method 970.52 (using acetonitrile extraction and liquid-liquid partition combined with Horisil column cleanup) and the Dutch ethyl acetate extraction combined with GPC. All methods have been subjected to inter-laboratory studies, although not with all pesticide/matrix combinations, which would be impossible to achieve. [Pg.112]

While no book on the subject could be exhaustive, The Bathhouse at Midnight does describe and assess all the literary sources of magic, witchcraft, astrology, alchemy, and divination from Kiev Rus and Imperial Russia, and to some extent Ukraine and Belorussia. Where possible, Ryan identifies the sources of the texts (usually Greek, Arabic, or West European) and makes parallels to other cultures, ranging from classical antiquity to Finnic. He finds that Russia shares most of its magic and divination with the rest of Europe... [Pg.321]

In Europe, the air quality objective for N02 in 2010 is 40 xg/m3 (annual mean value) every European state will thus be subjected to penalties if it does not comply with this limitation of 40 xg/m3. [Pg.217]

Biofixation of C02 by microalgae, especially as an option for the utilisation of flue gases from power plants, has been the subject of extensive investigations in the United States, Japan and Europe (IEA-GHG Biofixation Network). However, none of the related projects have demonstrated the feasibility of the concept at a pre-industrial level. What is more, C02 fixation efficiency is quite low because of the photobioreactors used in those pilot plants (raceway or open-ponds) (Figure 17). [Pg.105]


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