Ethylene vinyl acetate/natural rubber

Development of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate/Natural Rubber/ Organoclay Ternary Blends... 

If polypropylene is too hard for the purpose envisaged, then the user should consider, progressively, polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate and plasticised PVC. If more rubberiness is required, then a vulcanising rubber such as natural rubber or SBR or a thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer may be considered. If the material requires to be rubbery and oil and/or heat resistant, vulcanising rubbers such as the polychloroprenes, nitrile rubbers, acrylic rubbers or hydrin rubbers or a thermoplastic elastomer such as a thermoplastic polyester elastomer, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer or thermoplastic polyamide elastomer may be considered. Where it is important that the elastomer remain rubbery at very low temperatures, then NR, SBR, BR or TPO rubbers may be considered where oil resistance is not a consideration. If, however, oil resistance is important, a polypropylene oxide or hydrin rubber may be preferred. Where a wide temperature service range is paramount, a silicone rubber may be indicated. The selection of rubbery materials has been dealt with by the author elsewhere. ... 

Among the different pressure sensitive adhesives, acrylates are unique because they are one of the few materials that can be synthesized to be inherently tacky. Indeed, polyvinylethers, some amorphous polyolefins, and some ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers are the only other polymers that share this unique property. Because of the access to a wide range of commercial monomers, their relatively low cost, and their ease of polymerization, acrylates have become the dominant single component pressure sensitive adhesive materials used in the industry. Other PSAs, such as those based on natural rubber or synthetic block copolymers with rubbery midblock require compounding of the elastomer with low molecular weight additives such as tackifiers, oils, and/or plasticizers. The absence of these low molecular weight additives can have some desirable advantages, such as ... 

Chattopadhyay S., Chaki T.K., and Bhowmick A.K., New thermoplastic elastomers from poly(ethyle-neoctene) (engage), poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) and low-density polyethylene by electron beam technology structural characterization and mechanical properties. Rubber Chem. TechnoL, 74, 815, 2001. Roy Choudhury N. and Dutta N.K., Thermoplastic elastomeric natural rubber-polypropylene blends with reference to interaction between the components. Advances in Polymer Blends and Alloys Technology, Vol. 5 (K. Finlayson, ed.), Technomic Publishers, Pensylvania, 1994, 161. 

Epoxidized natural rubber Ethylene propylene rubber see also EPDM Ethylene propylene rubber see also EPM Ethylene vinyl acetate... 

There have been many studies of graft copolymer formation initiated by ionizing radiation, and methods have been discussed.88 Among the systems studied are styrene onto polyethylene,88 styrene onto polypropylene,100 styrene onto Nylon-6,101 styrene onto ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers,102 styrene and MMA onto natural rubber,103 pentafluorostyrene onto Nylon and polyethylene,104 acrylamide onto Nylon-6,105 acrylamide onto starch,100 vinyl monomers... 

Proposed mechanism of crosslinking for epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) with HVA-2. (From Zurina, M., Ismail, H., Ratnam, C., The effect of HVA-2 on properties of irradiated epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50), EVA, and ENR-50/EVA blend. Polymer Testing 2008,27, 480-490. With permission.)... 

Orientations in elongated mbbers are sometimes regular to the extent that there is local crystallization of individual chain segments (e.g., in natural rubber). X-ray diffraction patterns of such samples are very similar to those obtained from stretched fibers. The following synthetic polymers are of technical relevance as mbbers poly(acrylic ester)s, polybutadienes, polyisoprenes, polychloroprenes, butadiene/styrene copolymers, styrene/butadiene/styrene tri-block-copolymers (also hydrogenated), butadiene/acrylonitrile copolymers (also hydrogenated), ethylene/propylene co- and terpolymers (with non-conjugated dienes (e.g., ethylidene norbomene)), ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, ethyl-ene/methacrylic acid copolymers (ionomers), polyisobutylene (and copolymers with isoprene), chlorinated polyethylenes, chlorosulfonated polyethylenes, polyurethanes, silicones, poly(fluoro alkylene)s, poly(alkylene sulfide)s. 

Cellulose acetate natural rubber (latex), polyisobutylene rubber, neoprene rubber, polyvinyl acetate, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyacrylate (carboxylic), cyanoacrylate, polyamide (versamid), phenoxy, polyester + isocyanate, nitrile-phenolic, polyurethane, and resorcinol-formaldehyde. 

Water-based dispersions or emulsions such as polyvinyl acetate, acrylics, polyvinyl chloride and polyvinyl alcohol with plasticizers and tackifiers. In addition, this range can include urea formaldehyde and phenolic adhesives, resins, natural adhesives produced from starch, dextrin, casein, animal glues (see Polyvinyl alcohol in adhesives, Phenolic adhesives single-stage resoles. Phenolic adhesives two-stage novolacs. Animal glues and technical gelatins) and rubber latex (see Emulsion and dispersion adhesives). Solvent-free 100% solids such as polyurethane. Hot melt adhesives include Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyolefins, polyamides, polyesters with tackifiers and waxes. More recent additions include cross-linkable systems. 

BR, butyl rubber CB, carbon black CBS, cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolefulfenamide CNT, carbon nanotube CSPE, chlorosulfonate polyethylene CIP, carbonyl-iron powder EPM, ethylene propylene monomer EPDM, ethylene propylene diene monomer EVA, ethylene-vinyl acetate FSR, fluorosilane rubber GRP, graphite powder HGM, hollow glass microsphere lONP, iron oxide nanoparticle LDH, layered double hydroxide MBT, 2-mercaptobenzothiazol MMT, modified montmorillonite NR, natural rubber PAMAM, polyamidoamine R-EPDM, recycled ethylene propylene diene monomer SR, silicon rubber SBR, styrene-butadiene rubber TBBS, iV-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide. 

D. Lopes, M.J. Ferreira, R. Russo, J.M. Dias, Natural and synthetic rubber/waste - ethylene-vinyl acetate composites for sustainable application in the footwear industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526 92 (April 1, 2015) 230-236. http //dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.12.063. 

CPE Chlorinated polyethylene HALS Hindered amine light stabiliser EPDM Ethylene propylene diene monomer MBS Methacrylate butadiene styrene EPR Ethylene propylene rubber NBR Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber EVA Ethylene vinyl acetate NR Natural rubber ... 

Elastomers can be divided into two general categories, natural rubber and synthetic rubbers. Synthetic elastomers in turn are either termed general purpose rubbers (GPR) or special purpose rubbers. Natural rubber is generally obtained from southeast Asia or Africa. Synthetic rubbers are produced from monomers obtained from the cracking and refining of petroleum. The most common monomers are styrene, butadiene, isoprene, isobutylene, ethylene, propylene, and acrylonitrile. There are monomers for specialty elastomers which include acrylics, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, chlorinated polyethylene, epichlorohy-drin, ethylene-acrylic, ethylene-octene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, flu-oroelastomers, polynorbornene, polysulfides, sihcone rubber, thermoplastic elastomers, urethanes, and ethylene-vinyl acetate. 

Some specific recent applications of the chromatography-mass spectrometry technique to various types of polymers include the following PE [130, 131], poly(l-octene), poly(l-decene), poly(l-dodecene) and 1-octene-l-decene-l-dodecene terpolymer [132], chlorinated polyethylene [133], polyolefins [134,135], acrylic acid, methacrylic acid copolymers [136, 137], polyacrylate [138], styrene-butadiene and other rubbers [139-141], nitrile rubber [142], natural rubbers [143,144], chlorinated natural rubber [145,146], polychloroprene [147], PVC [148-150], silicones [151,152], polycarbonates (PC) [153], styrene-isoprene copolymers [154], substituted PS [155], polypropylene carbonate [156], ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer [157], Nylon 6,6 [158], polyisopropenyl cyclohexane-a-methylstyrene copolymers [195], cresol-novolac epoxy resins [160], polymeric flame retardants [161], poly(4-N-alkylstyrenes) [162], pol)winyl pyrrolidone [31,163], vinyl pyrrolidone-methacryloxysilicone copolymers [164], polybutylcyanoacrylate [165], polysulfide copolymers [1669], poly(diethyl-2-methacryloxy) ethyl phosphate [167, 168], ethane-carbon monoxide copolymers [169], polyetherimide [170], and bisphenol-A [171]. 

MS has been used as a means of obtaining accnrate information regarding breakdown products produced upon pyrolysis of polymers. This includes applications to PS [152, 153], PVC [154], polyethers [155], PVC-polycarboxy piperadine polyurethanes [156], phenolics [157], PTFE [158], polybenzimidazole epoxies [159], ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers [160], ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers [161], polybenzoxazines [162], polyxylyene sulfides [163], trimethoxysiloxy-snbstitnted polyoxadisilpentanylenes [164], chlorinated natural rubber [165], and polyacrylonitrile [166]. 

Various workers have applied this combination of techniques to studies carried out on ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers [161], chlorinated natural rubber latex [165], and polyacrylonitrile [166]. 

Natural rubber/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer 32 ... 

Natural rubber/polylactide Natural rubber/unsaturated polyester resin Natural rubber or maleated natural rubber/ethylene vinyl acetate... 

Natural rubber-gra/i-glycidyl methacrylate Natural rubber-gra/i-polystyrene Phenolic-modified ethylene vinyl acetate... 

Epoxidized natural rubber (Epoxyprene 25) Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer Hydrogenated natural rubber and poly(methyl methacrylate-co-styrene)... 

Blends of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) with natural rubber at 50 50 composition exhibit improved electrical insulation properties and flexibility at low temperature (-55 °C) without the addition of plasticizer. Furthermore, the fully saturated EVA backbone imparts excellent heat, ozone and weather resistance, and the vinyl group provides the blend with good oil resistance properties. 

Rubbers and elastomeric products for practical applications are usually blends of different elastomer types that develop specific domain morphologies at the microscale, and, therefore, they are a part of this chapter. The most common representatives of the ruhher family are natural ruhher (NR) and the synthetic polyhutadiene ruhher (PB). There are various copolymers of butadiene with styrene (styrene butadiene rubber, SBR) or acrylonitrile (acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, NBR). Several elastomers have been developed for special purposes, such as EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer), PU (polyurethane), EPDM (ethylene propylene terpolymer), and siUcone rubber. 

Over the years there has been some interest in vulcanized maleated polyisoprenes because of their superior solvent resistance, flex cracking resistance and ageing resistance compared with conventional natural rubber vulcanizates. However where these properties are of importance there are other readily available polymers such as plasticized PVC, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and the rubbery polyurethanes which may be more suitable. For this reason the maleated rubbers have not become of any commercial significance. 

Solutions of natural and synthetic rubber, polyurethane rubber, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyacrylates, and other polymers with additions of resins and plasticizers are also used. These polymers can be used in solvents or as dispersions in water. 

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