Ethylene-propylene-monomer

ATBN - amine terminated nitrile rubber X - Flory Huggins interaction parameter CPE - carboxylated polyethylene d - width at half height of the copolymer profile given by Kuhn statistical segment length DMAE - dimethyl amino ethanol r - interfacial tension reduction d - particle size reduction DSC - differential scanning calorimetry EMA - ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer ENR - epoxidized natural rubber EOR - ethylene olefin rubber EPDM - ethylene propylene diene monomer EPM - ethylene propylene monomer rubber EPR - ethylene propylene rubber EPR-g-SA - succinic anhydride grafted ethylene propylene rubber... 

FIGURE 11.1S Diffused particles in natural mbber/ethylene-propylene monomer/rranj-polyoctylene rubber (NR-EPM-TOR) blend (a) are much smaller than in blends without TOR (b). (From Chang, Y.-W., Shin, Y.-S., Chun, H and Nab, C., J. Appl. Polym. Set, Ti, 749, 1999.)... 

A driving force for conversion of gasoline to polymeric materials is increased value in the products made from the polymers. The general trail is gasoline ethylene, propylene monomers raw polymers and copolymers —> finished products. 

Ethylene-propylene monomer (EPM) elastomers Aromatic nylons (aramids) (Nomex DuPont)... 

With larger amount of propylene a random copolymer known as ethylene-propylene-monomer (EPM) copolymer is formed, which is a useful elastomer with easy processability and improved optical properties.208,449 Copolymerization of ethylene and propylene with a nonconjugated diene [EPDM or ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer copolymer] introduces unsaturation into the polymer structure, allowing the further improvement of physical properties by crosslinking (sulfur vulcanization) 443,450 Only three dienes are employed commercially in EPDM manufacture dicyclopentadiene, 1,4-hexadiene, and the most extensively used 5-ethylidene-2-norbomene. 

The principal use of ethylene-propylene rubbers (ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) or ethylene-propylene monomer (EPM) types) is in the manufacture of heat exchanger gaskets. When cured using peroxides, these materials can be used for extended periods at up to 150 °C. Normal conditions of service are high temperatures (<130 °C) and flow or static exposure to aqueous food. 

When ethylene is copolymerized with substantial amounts (>25%) of propylene an elastomeric copolymer is produced, commonly known as ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) or ethylene-propylene monomer (EPM) rubber. When a diene, such as dicyclopentadiene, is also included, a terpolymer known as ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber is obtained. EPR and EPDM are produced with single site and Ziegler-Natta catalysts and are important in the automotive and construction industries. However, EPR and EPDM are produced in much smaller quantities relative to polyethylene. Elastomers display vastly different properties than other versions of industrial polyethylene and are considered outside the purview of this text. EPR and EPDM will not be discussed further. 

Ethylene/propylene co-polymers (usually called EPRs for ethylene-propylene rubbers, or EPMs for ethylene-propylene monomers) are amorphous polyolefins when the propylene content is in the range 30-70%. Despite the typical unreactivity of saturated polyolefins, ethylene-rich EP co-polymers can be made highly elastic by radical cross-linking, but in order to make the rubber vulcanizable , a diene (5-ethylidene-2-norbornene, 1,4-hexadiene, or dicyclopentadiene) is added, which leaves one unreacted double bond available for subsequent cross-linking. These latter materials are called EPDMs (for ethylene-propylene-diene monomers). 

There is a relatively large range of different types of rubbers that are used in different components in the food industry that can get in contact with the food. The most important of these are natural rubber (NR ds-l,4-polyisoprene), nitrile rubber (i.e., acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer), ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR), rubbers of ethylene-propylene monomer (EPM) and EPDM, SBR, fluorocarbon rubber, silicone rubber, polybutadiene rubber (BR), polychloroprene rubber, and TPE. In addition, there is the use of rubber blends, i.e., blends of NR and N Rr with SBR [19]. 

US Environmental Protection Agency Ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer Expanded polyethylene Rubbers of ethylene-propylene monomer Ethylene-propylene rubber Expanded polystyrene Electrostatic-discharge dissipating... 

Studies by Ravikumar et al. (2005) show that PTT/ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) blends are irrmriscible, which is supported by an increase in the free volume and constancy in crystallinity of PTT with increasing EPDM content and the use of ethylene propylene monomer grafted maleic anhydride as compatibilizer is found to produce significant improvement in properties by modifying the interface of the blends. 

There are many types of commercially available EPDM rubbers. They differ with respect to ethylene/propylene monomer ratio, amount and selection of ter-monomer (unconjugated diene), molecular weight, molecular-weight distribution, viscosity, amount and type of extender oil (if present), processability, and other qualities. 

BR, butyl rubber CB, carbon black CBS, cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolefulfenamide CNT, carbon nanotube CSPE, chlorosulfonate polyethylene CIP, carbonyl-iron powder EPM, ethylene propylene monomer EPDM, ethylene propylene diene monomer EVA, ethylene-vinyl acetate FSR, fluorosilane rubber GRP, graphite powder HGM, hollow glass microsphere lONP, iron oxide nanoparticle LDH, layered double hydroxide MBT, 2-mercaptobenzothiazol MMT, modified montmorillonite NR, natural rubber PAMAM, polyamidoamine R-EPDM, recycled ethylene propylene diene monomer SR, silicon rubber SBR, styrene-butadiene rubber TBBS, iV-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide. 

The basic elastomer ethylene propylene monomer (EPM) is generated by copolymerisation of ethylene and propylene. As the polymer chain does not have double bonds, vulcani-satirai takes place with the use of organic peroxides. The ethylene propylene mbber that is thus generated contains no double bonds. Therefore, the product is inert and has a long shelf life. 

The polyolefins are those polymers based only on carbon and hydrogen, originating from monomers containing a double bond in the 1-position, sometimes called a-olefins. Principally, these include polyethylene, polypropylene, copolymers of polyethylene containing various comonomers such as 1-butene, 1-hexene, and 1-octene, ethylene-propylene monomer (EPM), and ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (EPDM). All of these are plastics except EPM and EPDM, which are elastomers. 

The diene ethylidiene norbornene in Vistalon EPDM allows sulfur vulcanization (see Table 3.12). 1,4-Hexadiene and dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) are also used as curing agents.The completely saturated polymer backbone precludes the need for antioxidants that can bleed to the surface (bloom) of the finished product and cause staining. Saturation provides inherent ozone and weather resistance, good thermal properties, and a low compression set. Saturation also allows a relatively high-volume addition of low-cost fillers and oils in compounds while retaining a high level of mechanical properties. The ethylene/propylene monomer ratio also affects the properties. 

Whdi ethylene is copolymerized with propylene, the amorphous, rubbery material called ethylene propylene rubber PM - from ethylene propylene monomers) results if the ethylene content is high commercial polymers may contain 30 to 50% of ethylene units. In order to obtain a sulfur vul-canisable material, a small percentage of a third monomer (3 to 10% of a diene monomer, for example, ethylidene nor-bornene) is incorporated so as to make a terpolymer, this ter-polymer may be referred to as EPDM. An abbreviation which covers both types of ethylene propylene rubber is EP(D)M usually, all types of this rubber have a propylene content of between 25 and 55% by weight. 

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