Ethylene-vinyl acetate composite

D. Lopes, M.J. Ferreira, R. Russo, J.M. Dias, Natural and synthetic rubber/waste - ethylene-vinyl acetate composites for sustainable application in the footwear industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526 92 (April 1, 2015) 230-236. http //dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.12.063. 

L. Liu, J. Hu, J. Zhuo, C. Jiao, X. Chen, S. Li, Synergistic flame retardant effects between hollow glass microspheres and magnesium hydroxide in ethylene-vinyl acetate composites, Polymer Degradation and Stability, ISSN 0141-3910 104 (June 2014) 87-94. http // dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.03.019. 

Yuan, N.Y., Ma, F.F., Fan, Y., Liu, Y.B., Ding, J.N., 2012. High conductive ethylene vinyl acetate composites filled with reduced graphene oxide and polyaniline. Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing 43, 2183—2188. 

Das NC, Yamazaki S, Hikosaka M, Chaki TK, Khastgir D, Chakraborty A. Electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of polyaniline-ethylene vinyl acetate composites. Polym Int 2005 54(2) 256-9. 

Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) polymers are used in thermoplastic and thermosetting jacketing compounds for apphcations that require flame retardancy combined with low smoke emission during the fire as well as the absence of halogen in the composition. 

The use of TAG as a curing agent continues to grow for polyolefins and olefin copolymer plastics and mbbers. Examples include polyethylene (109), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (110), polypropylene (111), ethylene—vinyl acetate (112), ethylene—propylene copolymer (113), acrylonitrile copolymers (114), and methylstyrene polymers (115). In ethylene—propylene copolymer mbber compositions. TAG has been used for injection molding of fenders (116). Unsaturated elastomers, such as EPDM, cross link with TAG by hydrogen abstraction and addition to double bonds in the presence of peroxyketal catalysts (117) (see Elastol rs, synthetic). 

Variations in the composition of a copolymer can cause substantial differences in the properties of the copolymer. Compositional information about copolymers may be acquired using selective detectors. Figure 3.9 shows the separation of an ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer by FfPSEC using IR detectors. One IR detector monitors the vinyl acetate carbonyl at 5.75 /u,m, and the other IR detector monitors the total alkyl absorbance at 3.4 /cm. 

It has been found that, for a fixed mineral filler content, the viscosity of PMF-based composites increases when the coat is made of polyethylene [164, 209, 293], poly(vinyl chloride) [316] and polypropylene [326, 327], The picture was different, however, for composites based on the ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer to which kaolin with grafted poly (vinyl acetate) was added [336]. Addition of PMF with a minimum quantity of grafted polymer results in a sharp drop of flowability (rise of viscosity), in comparison to addition of unmodified filler but with a further increase of the quantity of grafted polymer the flow gradually increases and, depending on the kaolin content and quantity of grafted polymer, may even become higher than in specimens with unmodified filler, for equal concentrations. 

Ethylene-vinyl acetate Fetterman [37] reinforced compounded ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer by using short hbers and found that silane coupling agents were effective at establishing improved hber-matrix adhesion. Das et al. [38] prepared carbon fiber-filled conductive composites based on EVA and studied the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of the composites. 

Table IV. Flame Retardant Ethylene-Vinyl Optical Composite Cable3 Acetate...

S.E. Barnes, E.C. Brown, M.G. Sibley, H.G.M. Edwards and P.D. Coates, Vibrational spectroscopic and ultrasound analysis for the in-process monitoring of poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) copolymer composition during melt extrusion, Analyst, 130, 286-292 (2005). 

Chen, G., Broad, R., Valentine, R.W., and Mannix, G.S. (2001) Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer as moisture resistant coating for metal fuels in pyrotechnic compositions, US Patent 6,174,391 Chem. Abstr., 134 (7), 88437s. 

J.J. Rabasco, G.J. Dearth, C.R. Hegedus, F.R. Pepe, and B.V. Mukku-lainen, Masonry sealing compositions comprising semi-crystalline ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer emulsions, US Patent 7459186, assigned to Wacker Chemical Corporation, December 2, 2008. 

C.A. Jones and L. Chernyak, Ethylene-vinyl acetate hot melt adhesive composition and article and method incorporating the same, US Patent 6 765 054, assigned to H. B. Fuller Licensing Financing Inc. (St. Paul, MN), July 20,2004. 

M.G. Botros, Ethylene vinyl acetate and isobutylene terpolymer as a cold flow improver for distillate fuel compositions, US Patent 5 681359, assigned to Quantum Chemical Corporation (Cincinnati, OH), October 28,1997. 

Other proposed compositions are double layer films, including an inner film containing a copolymer of ethylene vinyl acetate and an outer film containing a copolymer of ethylene and acrylic acid. The purpose of the outer film, however is to improve the adhesion between the PU foam and the outer film. In contrast, the inner film effectively provides a stress relief layer. 

Properties of Explosive Compositions With and Without Addition of Ethylene/Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA) Binder... 

Clerc, L., Ferry, L., Leroy, E., and Lopez-Cuesta, J.M., Influence of talc physical properties on the fire retarding behavior of (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer/magnesium hydroxide/talc) composites, Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2005, 88, 504. 

The predicted scaling behavior Eq. (30) is also found to be well fulfilled for carbon black suspensions in ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymers [51]. Furthermore, it is confirmed by viscoelastic data obtained for S-SBR composites with highly cross-linked BR-microgels of various size [57]. 

In a relatively short period of time the Lab Connections Transform system found its way into a large number of laboratories. Applications of the technique have been discussed in various fields. Willis and Wheeler demonstrated the determination of the vinyl acetate distribution in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, the analysis of branching in high-density polyethylene, and the analysis of the chemical composition of a jet oil lubricant [143].Provder et al. [144] showed... 

Fig. 10. Plots of tan 5 against temperature for blends of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (45 % vinyl acetate) with chlorinated polyethylene (52 % Cl) showing a single composition dependent glass transition temperature A EVA45 = 100 B EVA45 CPE - 20 80 C EVA45 CPE = 40 60 D EVA45 CPE = 80 20 E CPE = 100...

Fig. 16. Heat of mixing measurements for mixtures of secondary octyl acetate with a chlorinated paraffin (used as analogues for an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and chlorinated polyethylene) at 64.5 °C (x), 73.1 °C(0) and 83.5 °C ( ) as a function of composition. The heat of mixing is very temperature dependent and the composition dependence is not as would be expected from the Equa-tion-of-state theory. This will result in a temperature and composition dependence of the interactional parameter...

A limited number of patents concern sPS blend which are not compatible. In these cases the properties that are described are functional ones and not related to the poor toughness of sPS. For instance, blends of sPS and partially saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers exhibit improved gas barrier properties (entry 11) small amounts of sPS added to polyethylene terephthalate) (although the patent actually claims a wide range of compositions) are useful to increase the polyester crystallization rate (entry 5). 

The conpling constant of the AA BB portion of bisphenol A-neopentyl glycoltereph-thalate copolyesters (20) was determined in the presence of Pr(fod)3". The compositional tetrads of a 3,3 -dimethylbisphenol A-phenolphthalein copolyterephthalate (21) were resolved in the presence of En(fod)3 . The meso and racemic dyads of a poly(/l-snbstitnted- S-propiolactone) were distinguishable in the NMR in the presence of Eu(dpm)3". The H and NMR spectra of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers were assigned on the basis of two-dimensional NMR methods and lanthanide-induced shift data in the presence of Eu(fod)3". ... 

High-Temperature Application. Vinyl Acetate Distribution in Copoly (ethylene-vinyl acetate). In the characterization of polymers, molecular distribution and composition are two critical parameters. Every physical property and processing change of the material can be related to these two parameters. With copolymers, IR spectroscopy can be used for determination of the distribution of one or both monomers within the molecular weight distribution. 

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