Ethylene glycol applications

Ethylene glycol in the presence of an acid catalyst readily reacts with aldehydes and ketones to form cyclic acetals and ketals (60). 1,3-Dioxolane [646-06-0] is the product of condensing formaldehyde and ethylene glycol. Applications for 1,3-dioxolane are as a solvent replacement for methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and methyl ethyl ketone as a solvent for polymers as an inhibitor in 1,1,1-trichloroethane as a polymer or matrix interaction product for metal working and electroplating in lithium batteries and in the electronics industry (61). 1,3-Dioxolane can also be used in the formation of polyacetals, both for homopolymerization and as a comonomer with formaldehyde. Cyclic acetals and ketals are used as protecting groups for reaction-sensitive aldehydes and ketones in natural product synthesis and pharmaceuticals (62). 

OTHER COMMENTS used as a solvent for cellulose acetate and ethylcellulose used in the manufacture of ethylene oxide and ethylene glycol applications include introduction of hydroxyethyl group in organic synthesis and activation of sprouting in dormant potatoes. 

Haghighi, H. Chapoy, A. Burgess, R. Tohidi, B. Experimental and thermodynamic modelling of systems containing water and ethylene-glycol application to flow assurance and gas processing. Fluid Phase Equilibr. 2009 276 24 - 30. 

Ester interchange reactions are valuable, since, say, methyl esters of di-carboxylic acids are often more soluble and easier to purify than the diacid itself. The methanol by-product is easily removed by evaporation. Poly (ethylene terephthalate) is an example of a polymer prepared by double application of reaction 4 in Table 5.3. The first stage of the reaction is conducted at temperatures below 200°C and involves the interchange of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol... 

Applications. The high heat tolerance and good salt compatibiUty of welan gum indicate its potential for use as an additive in several aspects of oil and natural gas recovery. Welan also has suspension properties superior to xanthan gum, which is desirable in oil-field drilling operations and hydraulic fracturing projects. It is compatible with ethylene glycol, and a welan—ethylene glycol composition that forms a viscous material useful in the formulation of insulating materials has been described (244). 

Ethylene Glycol. Well over 50% of the ethylene oxide produced is used in the manufacture of ethylene glycol. Ethylene glycol [107-21-1] is used in two significant applications as a raw mateiial for poly (ethylene teiephthalate) for use in polyester fiber, film, and containers, and as an automotive... 

Memanol water is an alcohol-base compound. It is less expensive than other organic compounds and, due to lower viscosity, has better heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics. It is used up to—35°C, Disadvantages are (I) considered more toxic than ethylene glycol and thus more suitable for outdoor applications (2) flammable and could be assumed to be a potential fire nazard. 

Consider the application of chemical reactor technology to a commercial reactor. Figure 5-40 illustrates a simplified flow diagram of ethylene glycol production. Consider the reactions in the formation of glycol ... 

Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are prepared industrially from the corresponding alkenes by way of their epoxides. Some applications were given in the box in Section 6.21. 

Fatty acids, both saturated and unsaturated, have found a variety of applications. Brassilic acid (1,11-un-decanedicarboxylic acid [BA]), an important monomer used in many polymer applications, is prepared from erucic acid (Scheme 2), obtained from rapeseed and crambe abyssinica oils by ozonolysis and oxidative cleavage [127]. For example, an oligomer of BA with 1,3-butane diol-lauric acid system is an effective plasticizer for polyvinylchloride. Polyester-based polyurethane elastomers are prepared from BA by condensing with ethylene glycol-propylene glycol. Polyamides based on BA are known to impart moisture resistance. 

Both terephthalic acid (TPA) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) are used exclusively for the manufacture of polyesters for textile fibers (e.g,. Dacron ), films, soft-drink bottles, and engineering resins for automotive applications. The glycol used for most TPA-based polyesters is ethylene glycol. The polyester is then known as polyethylene terephthalate, or PET. 

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is a polymer of considerable interest due to several properties, including solubility in both water and many organic solvents, non-toxicity and ability to induce cell fusion, and it has found many biological applications [59]. Despite its poor mechanical strength, attaching PEG chains onto mechanically strong materials, such as fibrils [60], is one way to harness its properties [61]. 

Harris JM (ed) (1992) Poly(ethylene glycol) chemistry biotechnical and biomedical applications. Plenum, New York... 

Special formulations have been developed for cementing operations in arctic regions or for deep water applications [206,208,256,720,739,1792]. In low-temperature formations, wherein the cement is subjected to freeze-thaw cycling, freezing-point depressants must be added. Salts may serve as such, but traditional organic freezing-point depressants, such as ethylene glycol, also may be added [1022-1024]. 

The use of 2-vinyldioxolane, the ethylene glycol acetal of acrolein, as a dienophile illustrates application of the masked functionality concept in a different way. The acetal itself would not be expected to be a reactive dienophile, but in the presence of a catalytic amount of acid the acetal is in equilibrium with the electrophilic oxonium ion. 

POLY (ETHYLENE GLYCOL) CHEMISTRY Biotechnical and Biomedical Applications... 

Davidow (19), of the Food and Drug Administration, has described a colorimetric method applicable to technical chlordan. The method is based on the observation that when technical chlordan is heated with a mixture of diethanolamine and methanolic potassium hydroxide, a purple color is produced. When known amounts of this insecticide were added to cabbage, pears, and fresh and rancid rat fat, recoveries of 74 to 104% of the insecticide were obtained. However, because two crystalline isomers of chlordan isolated from the technical product do not give a colored reaction product with the reagent, further investigation of the method is being made. The red color obtained when technical chlordan is heated with pyridine, alcoholic alkali, and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, as described by Ard (2), likewise fails with the crystalline isomers of this insecticide. 

Mineral Oil Hydraulic Fluids. The majority of the components of mineral oil and water-in-oil emulsion hydraulic fluids are not on the TRI. Some water-in-oil emulsion hydraulic fluids contain ethylene glycol (Houghton 1992 Quaker 1993), which is subject to reporting under the TRI. Nonetheless, since ethylene glycol is used in numerous other applications and represents < 10% of the total volume of water-in-oil emulsion hydraulic fluids, it is not anticipated that TRI information concerning releases of ethylene glycol will be indicative of water-in-oil emulsion hydraulic fluid use. It may be difficult to estimate the release of mineral oil or water-in-oil emulsion hydraulic fluids to water by identifying occurrences of mineral oil (the major constituent) in water at a particular facility since mineral oils also find use in numerous other products and applications, and concentrations of the components cannot always be uniquely associated with mineral oil hydraulic fluid release. 

Since poly (ethylene glycols) (PEGs) are rather nontoxic resins, their application in the field of combinatorial chemistry is particularly attractive. A four-component domino process of immobilized aromatic amines 10-53 to give 1,2,3,4-tetrahy-droquinolines 10-54 using this support has been developed by Benaglia and co-... 

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