Essential organisms

These are the organisms essential for making a product such as wine or cheese. These organisms are not normally counted, but it may be necessary to check on their numbers if there are problems with the production process. 

---

The samples have two important characteristics that facilitate these very difficult determinations First, the matrix (all of the sample but the element being determined) is essentially organic matter containing only traces of heavy metals. Second, the samples are of less than critical thickness (6.4). As a consequence, absorption and enhancement effects (7.3) are absent and the scattered background is relatively weak (7.4). 

The skin is the largest organ of the human body. One of its most important functions is to assist the immune system by serving as a barrier that protects underlying structures from trauma, infection, and exposure to harmful environmental elements. The skin also holds in place essential organs and fluids necessary for life. Any significant injury to this outer protective layer may potentially compromise an individual s overall health. 

A number of essential organic molecules is required and represents more than 15 % of the cell. They are all made from the elements, H, C, N, O, P, S and Se, all of which except phosphorus are in coded form in amino acids. From their simple inorganic forms in the environment they give rise to all DNA (RNA), lipids, saccharides and proteins, and all small molecules participating in their synthesis. 

Iron is an essential element, for humans and for many forms of life, but even a modest excess can be toxic as the human body does not have an effective iron excretion mechanism. It is therefore necessary to maintain an appropriate level of iron in the body, to supply iron in absorbable form if it is deficient (anemia) and to remove iron if present in excess. Inorganic coordination chemistry plays an important role in dealing with these complementary conditions of deficiency and of excess. The latter condition is much more common than often supposed, for there are a number of conditions, such as hemochromatosis and thallasemia, where the build-up of iron in essential organs is eventually lethal. Mild iron poisoning is not infrequent in children, while even iron fortification of foodstuffs can have adverse effects. Mild iron poisoning can be treated with bicarbonate or phosphate, which presumably complex and precipitate the iron. ... 

Vitamins are essential organic compounds that the animal organism is not capable of forming itself, although it requires them in small amounts for metabolism. Most vitamins are precursors of coenzymes in some cases, they are also precursors of hormones or act as antioxidants. Vitamin requirements vary from species to species and are influenced by age, sex, and physiological conditions such as pregnancy, breast-feeding, physical exercise, and nutrition. 

Even so, synthetic polymers are important in replacing parts of our essential organs. Thus, silicon balls are used in the construction of mechanical heart valves. Many of these fail after sometime and they are being replaced by a flap valve made from pyrolytic carbon or POM. 

An account of a Du Pont safety study of the control of peroxidisable compounds covers examples of peroxidisable structures, handling procedures, distillation of peroxidisable compounds, and detection and elimination of peroxides [1]. Essential organic structural features for a peroxidisable hydrogen atom are recognised as those... 

The heart oxidatively metabolizes a variety of substrates, probably because it is the most essential organ in the body. The energy demands of the heart are such that it probably must rely on ATP generated in the mitochondria not enough ATP can be made anaerobically to support these demands. The heart efficiently metabolizes fatty acids and ketone bodies and may prefer those sources of energy, even to glucose. 

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). Palm oil mill effluent is essentially organic in nature and nontoxic but has a high polluting potential. In its raw state, POME has an extremely high concentration of biochemical and chemical oxygen demand (BOD and COD) and high in plant nutrient contents, particularly in nitrogen and potassium. After treatment processes various types of POME are available, and their chemical composition are shown in Table 28. 

Vitamins are essential organic compounds that the human body cannot synthesize by itself and must therefore, be present in the diet. The term vitamin (vital amines) was coined by Casmir Funk from the Latin vita meaning "life" (essential for life) and amine because he thought that all of these compounds contained an amine functional group. 

Vitamins are essential organic substances, usually obtained from food. They are required by humans in amounts ranging from micrograms to milligrams per day. The fat-soluble vitamins are ... 

Synthesis of amino acids and other essential organic compoimds in submarine hot springs at > 350°C. 

The stamens and carpels constitute the essential organs, and a flower is said to be Perfect when these are present and functional. 

An Imperfect Flower shows one set of essential organs wanting. 

Hermaph rodite.—Applied to flowers which contain both sets of essential organs, not necessarily functionally active. 

The AEM study has shown that, for loading around 10 RUO2 molecules percm (formally equivalent to about 10 monolayers), the oxide phase is essentially organized in cluster of particles of approximately spherical shape. The size of the clusters may reach values of 50 to 60 nm. For lower loadings no particles can be detected, possibly because of their quite small size. 

---