Escherichia coli, bacterial

Recombinant resilin production was induced, with the nonmetabolizable lactose analogue IPTG, in the Escherichia coli bacterial strain BL21(DE3)/pLysS. Cells were collected by centrifugation (10,000 g, 20 min at 4°C) and the cell pellet frozen at 80°C. 

Pharmacology Anakinra is a recombinant, nonglycosylated form of the human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra). Anakinra differs from native human IL-IRa in that it has a single methionine residue at its amino terminus. It is produced by recombinant DNA technology using an Escherichia coli bacterial expression system. 

A sensitive and simple chemiluminescent (CL) method for measuring antioxidant activity was developed. The determination of TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) is based on the inhibition of CL intensity of luminol by an antioxidant. Antimicrobial activity was tested as a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) by broth microdilution method on gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis. Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) bacterial strains. 

Escherichia coli Bacterial, DNA Comparison of growth Lethal DNA damage 25... 

Illarionov BA, Tyulkova NA. Escherichia coli bacterial strain SL-60 - producer of bacterial luciferase. Invention Patent 1997 N 2073714. 

Figure 10.19 Escherichia coli bacterial reduction kinetics on polyester—Ag-TaN co-sputtered for 20 s on polyester as a function of the applied light dose. Irradiation source L18W/827 Lumilux/Osram (4 mW/cm ) lamp.

Diarrhea—Bacteria, viruses, or parasites can cause diarrhea, which depletes the body of nutrients and fluids. Loose watery stools are accompanied by nausea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting. Oral rehydration treatment acts to replenish fluid loss and rectify electrolyte imbalances. Different types of diarrhea include travelers diarrhea, normally caused by Escherichia coli bacterial dysentery (shigellosis), an acute bacterial infection of the large intestine amoebic dysentery, where cysts of infecting organisms are transmitted through food and water and giardiasis, caused by parasites that infect the small intestine. 

A rod-coil amphiphUe, tetra-(p-phenylene)-b/ock-PEO-a-D-mannopyranoside, was shown to form small vesicles that interacted specifically with the pili of a particular Escherichia coli bacterial strain [111]. A similar architecture was designed that involved a p-cyclodextrin as a head group that was coupled to polystyrene. The hydrophobic interior of the formed vesicle was used to attach hydrophobic fluorescent dyes and the adamantine-coupled enzyme horseradish peroxida.se to the surface [112]. 

FIGURE 11.22 If the cell walls of bacteria such as Escherichia coli are partially digested and the cells are then osmotlcally shocked by dilution with water, the contents of the cells are extruded to the exterior. In electron micrographs, the most obvious extruded component is the bacterial chromosome, shown here surrounding the cell. (Dr. Gopal Murti/CNRI/Phototakr NYC)... 

The chromosomes of Escherichia coli and other bacteria are single, double-stranded DNA molecules with a total length of more than 1,000 pm. Relaxed DNA exists as a helical molecule, with one full turn of the helix occurring approximately every 10.4 base pairs. This molecule must undergo several folding and compaction steps to fit into an E. coli cell which is only 1-3 pm long. Despite this enormous compaction, bacterial DNA must be accessible for the bacterial enzymes that catalize DNA replication and transcription... 

Meropenem (Merrem IV) inhibits syndiesis of die bacterial cell wall and causes die deadi of susceptible cells. This drug is used for intra-abdominal infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and odier susceptible organisms Meropenem also is effective against bacterial meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Hemophilus influenzae. 

Bacterial agents, particularly Staphylococcus aureus, P-hemolytic streptococci, and Escherichia coli may give rise to pyomyositis, a form of acute suppurative... 

In each cycle, the library of mutated genes is first inserted in a standard bacterial host such as Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis. Subsequently, bacterial colonies are plated out on agar plates and harvested individually by a colony picker. Each colony is placed in a separate well of a microtiter plate containing nutrient broth, so that the bacteria grow and produce the protein of interest. Because each colony originates... 

By separation Irom bacterial culture such as Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Erwinia aroideae, Erwinia atroseptica, Erwinia carotovora. 

Research into elastin, its properties, and the fiber formation was for a considerable period of time hindered due to its insolubihty. However, discovery of the soluble tropoelastin precursor made new investigations possible. The tropoelastin protein can be isolated from copper-deficient animals. However, this is a very animal-unfriendly and low yielding process [2]. Therefore, it is preferred to obtain tropoelastin from overexpression in microbial hosts such as Escherichia coli (E. coli). Most studies are thus based on tropoelastin obtained via bacterial production. 

Recombinant DNA technology can also be used to design genes that encode for proteins with desired features [34]. The gene can be incorporated into a plasmid, which is then used to transform a bacterial host such as Escherichia coli. Finally, the production of the desired amino acid polymer is performed by the host with a precisely defined sequence and near absolute monodispersity [29, 35]. 

Recently, a potential cytosolic component of the MEP precursor pathway, xylulose kinase, has been cloned and tested for function in an Escherichia coli complementation system. " The kinase activates exogenous xylulose in the cytoplasm. DXP is the precursor for DXS, which resides in the plastid, suggesting the activated substrate must be transported into the plastid. Another xylulose kinase homologue in Arabidopsis that contains a plastid targeting sequence was not active in the E. coli system, suggesting that it may have some other function in the plastid. Perhaps plant and bacterial tissue cultures may be fed xylulose to condition accumulation of isoprenoid metabolites. 

Cooper RA, MA Skinner (1980) Catabolism of 3- and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate by the 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-acetate pathway in Escherichia coli. J Bacterial 143 302-306. 

Denoya CD, DD Skinner, MR Morgenstern (1994) A Streptomyces avermitilis gene encoding a 4-hydroxy-phenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase-like protein that directs the production of homogentisic acid and an ochronotic pigment in Escherichia coli. J Bacterial 176 5312-5319. 

Wan J, TK Tokunaga, E Brodie, Z Wang, Z Zheng, D Herman, TC Hazen, MK Firestone, SR Sutton (2005) Reoxidation of bioreduced uranium under reducing conditions. Environ Sci Technol 39 6162-6169. Weiner JH, DP Macisaac, RE Bishop, PT Bilous (1988) Purification and properties of Escherichia coli dimethyl sulfoxide reductase, an iron-sulfur molybdoenzyme with broad substrate specificity J Bacterial 170 1505-1510. 

Bebien M, G Lagniel, J Garin, D Touati, A Vermeglio, J Labarre (2002) Involvement of superoxide dismutases in the response of Escherichia coli to selenium oxides. J Bacterial 184 1556-1564. 

Liu M, RJ Turner, TL Winstone, A Saetre, M Dyllick-Brenzinger, G Jickling, LW Tari, JH Weiner, DE Taylor (2000) Escherichia coli TehB requires 5-adenosyhnethionine as a cofactor to mediate tellurite resistance. J Bacterial 182 6509-6513. 

Touati D, M Jacques, B Tardat, L Bouchard, S Despied (1995) Lethal oxidative damage and mutagenesis are generated by iron Afur mutants of Escherichia coli protective role of superoxide dismutase. J Bacterial 111 2305-2314. 

Kargalioglu Y, JA Imlay (1994) Importance of anaerobic superoxide dismutase synthesis in facilitating outgrowth of Escherichia coli upon entry into an aerobic habitat. J Bacterial 176 7653-7658. 

Six S, SC Andrews, G Unden, JR Guest (1994) Escherichia coli possesses two homologous anaerobic C4-dicarboxylate membrane transporters (Dcua and Dcub) distinct from the aerobic dicarboxylate transport system (Dcf). J Bacterial 176 6470-6478. 

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