Erythromycin Alcohol

Specific concomitant medications or consumptions (check specific statin package insert for warnings) fibrates (especially gemfibrozil, but other fibrates too), nicotinic acid (rarely), cyclosporine, azole antifungals such as itraconazole and ketoconazole, macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin and clarithromycin, protease inhibitors used to treat Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, nefazodone (antidepressant), verapamil, amiodarone, large quantities of grapefruit juice (usually more than 1 quart per day), and alcohol abuse (independently predisposes to myopathy)... 

The hydroxy groups in natural products like, for example, the macrolide antibiotics erythromycin, 1"1 and desmycosin, 2001 2011 as well as the 3-(hydroxymethyl)-2- or 3-cephems 2021 and derivatives of the amino sugar garamin 2031 have been converted into the carbamate function with CDI and amines. In the case of aminoglycoside antibiotics of the sisomicin series, thiocarbamates or dithiocarbamates have been prepared from alcohols or thiols using ImCSIm and amines.12041... 

Erythromycin is unstable in acidic or alkaline solutions and shows its maximum stability between pH 6.0 and 9.525. Its aqueous, alcoholic solution buffered at pH 7.0 - 8.0 is stable for about one week under refrigeration. 

Miller also explored the ASD of glycerol derivatives through an enantioselective acylation process which relies on the use of a pentapeptide-catalyst which incorporates an A-terminal nucleophilic 3-(l-imidazolyl)-(5)-alanine residue [171], Most recently, Miller has probed in detail the role of dihedral angle restriction within a peptide-based catalyst for ferf-alcohol KR [172], site selective acylation of erythromycin A [173], and site selective catalysis of phenyl thionoformate transfer in polyols to allow regioselective Barton-McCombie deoxygenation [174],... 

Drugs that may affect HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors include alcohol, amiodarone, antacids, azole antifungals, bile acid sequestrants, cimetidine, cyclosporine, diltiazem, erythromycin, gemfibrozil, isradipine, nefazodone, niacin, nicotinic acid, omeprazole, phenytoin, propranolol, protease inhibitors, ranitidine, rifampin, St. John s wort, and verapamil. 

Drugs that may affect antihistamines include aluminum/magnesium-containing acids, cimetidine, erythromycin, ketoconazole, MAO inhibitors, and rifamycins (eg, rifampin). Drugs that may be affected by antihistamines include alcohol and CNS depressants, beta-blockers, MAO inhibitors, metyrapone, nefazodone, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and venlafaxine. 

With the important exception of additive effects when combined with other CNS depressants, including alcohol, BZDs interact with very few drugs. Disulfiram (see the section The Alcoholic Patient in Chapter 14) and cimetidine may increase BZD blood levels, and diazepam may increase blood levels of digoxin and phenytoin. Antacids may reduce the clinical effects of clorazepate by hindering its biotransformation to desmethyidiazepam. Coadministration of a BZD and another drug known to induce seizures may possibly increase seizure risk, especially if the BZD is abruptly withdrawn. Furthermore, as noted earlier, important interactions have been reported among nefazodone, erythromycin, troleandomycin, and other macrolide antibiotics, as well as itraconazole. In each case, metabolism is inhibited, and triazolam levels can increase significantly. 

Aminophylline Aminophylline should not be mixed with acidic drugs, as it becomes precipitated if the pH of the final solution falls below pH 8. Mixture with glucose may increase the pH above 10 where proteins, such as insulin and erythromycin, are unstable. Some drugs that are incompatible with aminophylline include amiodarone, benzylpenicillin potassium, cisatracurium, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, dobutamine, tetracycline hydrochloride, verapamil hydrochloride, warfarin sodium, and vitamin B and C injection. Alcohol-free theophylline should be stored in amber-colored containers maximum care must be taken to protect it against exposure to light.92-94... 

Several factors increase the risk of thioridazine toxicity pre-existing cardiac disease, hypokalemia, a glucose load, alcohol, exercise, and concomitant therapy with tricyclic antidepressants, erythromycin, co-trimoxazole, cisapride, risperidone, hydroxyzine, and drugs that inhibit CYP2D6 (some SSRIs, fluphenazine, and perphenazine) (11). 

Stereospecific reductases are involved in the reduction of keto groups to secondary alcohols the desired endproducts of a deoxysugar biosynthesis. This has been shown for the biosynthesis of L-rhamnose and CDP-ascarylose (see Sect. 3.1.4). The reduction of keto groups at C-4 have been proposed to be catalyzed by DnrV (daunorubicin 29), EryBIV (erythromycin 14), and StrL (streptomycin 24) [21]. 

Aldol reaction of (5)-2-benzyloxypropanal with the lithium enolate of methyl 2-methoxy-propanoate gives a 7 2 1 mixture of (3-hydroxyesters (Scheme 13.70). After protection of the alcohol moiety, the isomeric mixture is reduced with LiAlH4 and the resulting primary alcohols separated by chromatography on silica gel. Oxidation of the major alcohol 223 (isolated in 40% yield) into an aldehyde is followed by Wittig methylenation. This provides 224. Hydroboration of 224 gives a primary alcohol that is oxidized (Swem) into aldehyde 225. Hydrogenation yields L-cladinose, a saccharide moiety of erythromycin A [127]. 

Erythromycin is a very bitter, white or yellow-white, crystalline powder. It is. soluble in alcohol and in the other common organic solvents but only slightly soluble in water. The... 

Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with alcohol, cimetidine, CNS depressant, erythromycin, ethanol, ketoconazole, nefazodone, nelfinavir, olanzapine, rifampin, ritonavir, tricyclic antidepressants... 

Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with alcohol, amprenavir, barbiturates, chlorpheniramine, clarithromycin, CNS depressants, efavirenz, erythromycin, esomeprazole, imatinib, MAO inhibitors, narcotics, nelfinavir, phenothiazines, valproate... 

Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with alcohol, amiodarone, amphotericin B, cisapride, clonidine, digitalis, diltiazem, disopyramide, erythromycin, glucocorticoids, halofantrine, haloperidol, hypokalemic diruretics, imipramine antidepressants, levodopa, lithium, pentamidine, pimozide, quinidine, sotalol, stimulant laxatives, tetracosactides, thioridazine... 

Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with alcohol, antihistamines, azatadine, azelastine, brompheniramine, buclizine, chlorpheniramine, cimetidine, clemastine, dexchlorpheniramine, erythromycin, ketoconazole, meclizine, pizotifen, rifampicin, ritonavir... 

Schiigerl [105] reported several ELM-based apphcations for the extraction of alcohols, carboxylic acids, and antibiotics. Habaki et al. [106] studied the application of ELMs and SLMs in the extraction of erythromycin. The antibiotic molecules were able to cross the LMs without a carrier. Given their own data, as weh as the data of other authors, Habaki et al. concluded that the distribution coefficient of free erythromycin between the membrane phase and the feed solution for every LM studied was constant and independent on the H+ concentration in the feed solution. ELMs had lower extraction efficiencies for the erythromycin in comparison to SLMs [106]. 

---