2- Deoxysugars, biosynthesis

Johnson DA, H-w L (1998) Mechanisms and pathways from recent deoxysugar biosynthesis research. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2 642-649... 

These results pave the way for more convenient biosynthetic investigations into deoxysugar biosynthesis, since it is now possible to perform incorporation experiments with isotope-labeled free deoxysugars whose NDP derivatives are postulated intermediates of certain deoxygenation pathways. For example, labeled L-aculose (62) is an important candidate compound that can be fed to... 

Molecular Biology and Enzymatic Aspects of Deoxysugar Biosynthesis... 

Stereospecific reductases are involved in the reduction of keto groups to secondary alcohols the desired endproducts of a deoxysugar biosynthesis. This has been shown for the biosynthesis of L-rhamnose and CDP-ascarylose (see Sect. 3.1.4). The reduction of keto groups at C-4 have been proposed to be catalyzed by DnrV (daunorubicin 29), EryBIV (erythromycin 14), and StrL (streptomycin 24) [21]. 

Table 1. List of antibiotics and strains from which genes involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis have been cloned...

As with other antibiotic biosynthesis genes, these genes show a tendency to cluster. The arrangement of ORFs coding for proteins involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis of several antibiotics or lipopolysaccharides is presented in Fig. 7. 

Figure 3.103 Proposed pathways of deoxysugars biosynthesis and post-PKS modifications in S. bikiniensis showing roles for the various enzymes encoded by genes in the chm cluster.

Z. Zhao and H.-w. Liu, Synthesis of a deoxysugar dinucleotide containing an exo-difluoro-methylene moiety as a mechanistic probe for studying enzymes involved in unusual sugar biosynthesis, J. Org. Chem., 66 (2001) 6810-6815. 

Salas JA, Mendez C (2005) Biosynthesis pathways for deoxysugars in antibiotic-producing actinomycetes isolation, characterization and generation of novel glycosylated derivatives. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 9 77-85... 

Melancon CE IB, Liu HW (2007) Engineered biosynthesis of macrolide derivatives bearing the non-natural deoxysugars 4-epi-D-mycaminose and 3-N-methylamino-3-deoxy-D-fucose. J Am Chem Soc 129 4896 1899... 

Freitag A, Li S-M, Heide L (2006) Biosynthesis of the unusual 5,5-gem-dimethyl-deoxysugar noviose investigation of the C-methyltransferase gene cloU. Microbiology 152 2433-2442... 

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